We present a three-dimensional network model to simulate two- and three-phase capillary dominated processes at the pore level. The displacement mechanisms incorporated in the model are based on the physics of multiphase flow observed in micromodel experiments. All the important features of immiscible fluid flow at the pore scale, such as wetting layers, spreading layers of the intermediate-wet ...

Routine study of three-dimensional (3D) tarsal kinematics is hampered by errors due to the displacement of skin surface-tracking markers relative to the underlying bones. Reliable kinematics can be obtained with bone-fixed markers, but an accurate, non-invasive method would have more applications. Simultaneous kinematic data from skin-based and bone-fixed markers attached to the tibia and third...

This study aimed to assess the trajectory of breast displacement in 3 dimensions during walking and running gait, as this may improve bra design and has yet to be reported. Fifteen D-cup participants had reflective markers attached to their nipples and trunk to monitor absolute and relative breast displacement during treadmill walking (5 kph) and running (10 kph). During the gait cycle, the bre...

The KT1000 and KT2000 knee joint arthrometers (MEDmetric Corp, San Diego, California) have been shown to overestimate the measurement of knee joint sagittal laxity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the KT arthrometers as measures of anterior and posterior linear displacement. The anterior and posterior linear displacements of 3 KT arthrometers (2 KT1000 arthrometers ...

This study examines the ‘‘medium-centric’’ and ‘‘user-centric’’ approaches in investigating the displacement effects of the Internet. Results from a random sample survey support the ‘‘medium-centric’’ approach in displacement effect. The use of the Internet does displace traditional media use of television, newspapers, and radio. The Internet performs a substitutive rather than supplementary fu...

A fast new block-matching image registration algorithm is proposed and tested through simulation. It first finds the relative image displacement to the nearest pixel by searching within a rectangular window using logarithmicallydecreasing step sizes. It then refines the displacement estimate to subpixel accuracy through bilinear interpolation of the sum-ofabsolute-differences block error metric...

Character displacement has long been considered a major cause of adaptive diversification. When species compete for resources or mates, character displacement minimizes competition by promoting divergence in phenotypes associated with resource use (ecological character displacement) or mate attraction (reproductive character displacement). In this study, we investigated whether character displa...