INTRODUCTION Phosphate binding with sevelamer can ameliorate detrimental histomorphometric changes of bone in chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Here we explored the effects of sevelamer-HCl treatment on bone strength and structure in experimental CRI. METHODS Forty-eight 8-week-old rats were assigned to surgical 5/6 nephrectomy (CRI) or renal decapsulation (Sham). After 14 weeks of disease p...

To estimate multipliers linking surveillance of salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infections to community incidence, we used data from a gastroenteritis survey and other sources. Multipliers for severe (bloody stool/long duration) and milder cases were estimated from the component probabilities of doctor visit, stool test, sensitivity of labora...

Previous reports have shown the A/J anti-para-azophenylarsonate (anti-Ar) antibodies that share a major cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) comprise a family of closely related but nonidentical molecules. Serological studies with CRI+ monoclonal anti-Ar antibodies have suggested the presence of a conserved idiotypic determinant within the family. The present study utilized monoclonal ant-idiotypic de...

Non-opioid analgesics, paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors are often given along with morphine as part of multimodal analgesia after major surgery. We have undertaken a systematic review and a mixed treatment comparison (MTC) analysis in order to determine explicitly which class of non-opioid analgesic, paracetamol, NSAIDs, or COX...

Understanding how hash functions can be used in a sound manner within cryptographic protocols, as well as how they can be constructed in a sound manner from compression functions, are two important problems in cryptography with a long history. Two approaches towards solving the first problem are the random oracle model (ROM) methodology and the UCE framework, and an approach to solving the seco...

Two studies addressed the implications of concordance versus discrepancy of attachment representations in individuals at 2 stages in their marital relationships. Engaged (n = 157) and dating (n = 101) couples participated in a multimethod 6-year longitudinal study of adult attachment. Individuals completed the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), the Current Relationship Interview (CRI), and vario...

BACKGROUND Multiple treatments for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy are available. PURPOSE To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of oral and topical analgesics for diabetic neuropathy. DATA SOURCES Multiple electronic databases between January 2007 and April 2014, without language restriction. STUDY SELECTION Parallel or crossover randomized, controlled trials that evaluated pha...

The growing popularity of unpasteurized milk in the United States raises public health concerns. We estimated outbreak-related illnesses and hospitalizations caused by the consumption of cow's milk and cheese contaminated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter spp. using a model relying on publicly available outbreak data. In the ...

Inflammatory conditions in selected organs increase the risk of cancer. An inflammatory component is present also in the microenvironment of tumors that are not epidemiologically related to inflammation. Recent studies have begun to unravel molecular pathways linking inflammation and cancer. In the tumor microenvironment, smoldering inflammation contributes to proliferation and survival of mali...

Regulation of immune responsiveness has been attributed theoretically (1, 2) and experimentally (3, 4) to interactions between idiotypic and anti-idiotypic structures. Constituents of this idiotype network can be induced and triggered without the intervention of external antigens (5-10). For instance, anti-idiotypic antibodies can mimic specific antigen to promote the induction (9, 10) or suppr...