E-collaboration researchers usually employ P values for hypothesis testing, a common practice in a variety of other fields. This is also customary in many methodological contexts, such as analyses of path models with or without latent variables, as well as simpler tests that can be seen as special cases of these (e.g., comparisons of means). We discuss here how a researcher can use another majo...

We provide a detailed description of retrospective-cost based adaptive control, which is a discrete-time adaptive control law for stabilization, command following, and disturbance rejection that is effective for systems that are unstable, MIMO, and/or nonminimum phase. The adaptive control algorithm includes guidelines concerning the modeling information needed for implementation. This informat...

ÐThis paper describes a hidden Markov model-based approach designed to recognize off-line unconstrained handwritten words for large vocabularies. After preprocessing, a word image is segmented into letters or pseudoletters and represented by two feature sequences of equal length, each consisting of an alternating sequence of shape-symbols and segmentationsymbols, which are both explicitly model...

This paper presents a combination of out-of-vocabulary (OOV) word modeling and rejection techniques in an attempt to accept utterances embedding a keyword and reject utterances with nonkeywords. The goal of this research is to develop a robust, task-independent Spanish keyword spotter and to develop a method for optimizing confidence thresholds for a particular context. To model OOV words, we e...

The point of empirical work is commonly to test a very small number of crucial null hypotheses in a linear multiple regression setting. Endogeneity in one or more model explanatory variables is well known to invalidate such testing using OLS estimation. But attempting to identify credibly valid (and usefully strong) instruments for such variables is an enterprise which is arguably fraught and i...

An efficient rejection procedure is necessary to reject out-ofvocabulary words and noise tokens that occur in voice activated vocal services. Garbage or filler models are very useful for such a task. However, a post-processing of the recognized hypothesis, based on a likelihood ratio statistic test, can refine the decision and improve performance. These tests can be applied either on acoustic p...

This paper presents an Internal Model Control (IMC) structure designed for a class of continuous linear underactuated systems. The study treats the case of Minimum Phase (MP) systems and those whose zero dynamics are not necessarily stable. The proposed IMC structure is based on a specific controller which is obtained by the realization of an approximate inverse of the model plant. It is shown ...

This report examines the predictive validity of sociometric status at age 9-10 to young adult (age 23-24) antisocial behavior, work and school engagement, and arrests using Oregon Youth Study males (N = 206). A variety of analytic strategies included (a) multivariate analyses to examine the variation in adult adaptation as a function of sociometric classification at age 9-10, (b) regression ana...

purpose: to investigate the efficacy of topical cyclosporine a 2% in treating and preventing recurrent graft rejection episodes after penetrating keratoplasty (pkp) in patients with history of previous rejection episodes. methods: in this clinical trial, eligible pkp patients were randomly given topical cyclosporine a 2% or placebo in addition to a standard corticosteroid regimen for an episode...

0306-2619/$ see front matter 2010 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.04.012 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +98 2177240540 50x E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Kalantar). In this paper, modeling, analysis, design, simulation and control of a single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) are discussed for renewable energy applications. Because the traditional control methods such...