The gene regulatory apparatus that directs development is encoded in the DNA, in the form of organized arrays of transcription factor target sites. Genes are regulated by interactions with multiple transcription factors and the target sites for the transcription factors required for the control of each gene constitute its cis-regulatory system. These systems are remarkably complex. Their hardwi...

Thispaper attempts to connect two rather different fields of study by applying concepts from regulating technological risks to the field of cyberspace regulation. The concept of framing assumption is used in order to show the cyberspace regulation differences in  countries particularly between the U.S. and the Euopean system. It shows how the U.S. and Europe have adopted different assumptions r...

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) research reveals complex life phenomena from the perspective of gene interaction, which is an important research field in systems biology. Traditional Bayesian networks have a high computational complexity, and the network structure scoring model has a single feature. Information-based approaches cannot identify the direction of regulation. In order to make up fo...

Molecular biology focuses on genes and their interactions at the transcription, regulation and protein level. Finding genes that cause certain behaviors can make therapeutic interventions more effective. Although biological tools can extract the genes and perform some analyses, without the help of computational methods, deep insight of the genetic function and its effects will not occur. On the...

Many natural and technological systems are complex, with organisational structures that exhibit characteristic patterns, but defy concise description. One effective approach to analysing such systems is in terms of repeated topological motifs. Here, we extend the motif concept to characterise the dynamic behaviour of complex systems by introducing developmental motifs, which capture patterns of...

Consider sets X and Y each with associated membership functions. Further suppose that there is a map f : X → Y . A membership may be induced onY from the membership ofX calculated using the extension principle, and the two memberships on Y may be combined to give an overall membership. The point with the highest membership in X can be determined directly or by back mapping the value with the hi...

Biomedical research has been revolutionized by high-throughput techniques and the enormous amount of biological data they are able to generate. The interest shown over network models and systems biology is rapidly raising. Genetic networks arise as an essential task to mine these data since they explain the function of genes in terms of how they influence other genes. Many modeling approaches h...

In the October 21, 2005 issue of the magazine ‘Science’ a perspectives article by Stefan Bornholdt addresses the problem of the proper level of details in the description of complex systems [1]. ‘Less is more’ is used in this article to encourage the usage of highly simplified dynamical elements for modeling large and complex nonlinear systems. The special case considered is modeling of large g...

1Department of Mathematics, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK 2Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK 3Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 4Department of Mathematics, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 5Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia 6Insti...

CONTEXT The Wisconsin Immunization Registry is a confidential, web-based system used since 1999 as a centralized repository of immunization information for Wisconsin residents. OBJECTIVE Provide evidence based on Registry experiences with electronic data exchange, comparing the benefits and drawbacks of using the Health Level 7 standard, including the option for real time data exchange vs the...