It is widely accepted that the primary immune system contains a subpopulation of cells, known as regulatory T cells whose function is to regulate the immune response. There is conflicting biological evidence regarding the ability of regulatory cells to lose their regulatory capabilities and turn into immune promoting cells. In this paper, we develop mathematical models to investigate the effect...

the evolution of biota had been tightly linked with formation of atmospheric di-oxygen (o2).since the shift from anaerobic to aerobic life results in reprogramming gene expression through the regulatory interactions between transcription factors and their target sequences, the anaerobic responsive elements (ares). the purpose of this study is to consider ares; the most frequent and divergent mo...