Fasting Ramadan as worship has many benefits for health, so that these two goals can be achieved, it is necessary to regulate diet specifically, especially regulating nutritional intake during iftar and sahur. During fasting the will change, because only allowed eat in morning before dawn at night. The stomach left empty about 13 hours. Generally, body takes 3-5 days adapt a new diet. From aspe...

Purpose: development of a layout-design solution for water intake from surface body, excluding the entry harmful aquatic organisms into fish-breeding reservoirs. In accordance with modern ideas about intakes that meet requirements fish protection and prevent ingress supply system complexes, filtering are most effective. Materials Methods. The structures is based on materials body surveys result...

The present study was performed to determine the effects of central administration of leptin on food intake and sympathetic nervous system activity in a nonrodent species, the rhesus monkey. Peripheral administration of leptin at doses (1 and 3 microg/kg, s.c.) that produced increments of circulating leptin concentrations within a physiological range did not inhibit food intake over the subsequ...

In assessing food intake patterns in groups of individuals, it is usually important to know how many of these individuals present nutrient intakes above or below a determined criterion. This information is relevant for planning healthcare actions, both in monitoring and in assessing such interventions, and also for the purposes of regulating commercial activities. This paper discusses a new met...

The leptin hormone is critical for normal food intake and metabolism. While leptin receptor (Lepr) function has been well studied in the hypothalamus, the functional relevance of Lepr expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) has not been investigated. The VTA contains dopamine neurons that are important in modulating motivated behavior, addiction, and reward. Here, we show that VTA dopami...

Chen, R. Z., R. R. Huang, et al. (2004). "Synergistic effects of cannabinoid inverse agonist AM251 and opioid antagonist nalmefene on food intake in mice." Brain Res 999(2): 227-30. Oral administration of the opioid antagonist nalmefene alone (up to 20 mg/kg) failed to show a significant effect on acute food intake in mice. However, combined oral dosing of nalmefene and subthreshold doses of AM...

Activation of central PPARγ promotes food intake and body weight gain; however, the identity of the neurons that express PPARγ and mediate the effect of this nuclear receptor on energy homeostasis is unknown. Here, we determined that selective ablation of PPARγ in murine proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons decreases peroxisome density, elevates reactive oxygen species, and induces leptin sensiti...

Since the discovery of the protein product of the ob/ob gene, leptin, knowledge of the neurochemical pathways involved in the regulation of feeding has increased enormously. Our understanding of the mechanisms regulating food intake in man has also progressed greatly over a similar time span. Previous research into the regulation of food intake has largely proceeded through a reductionist appro...

Malnutrition in cirrhotic patients is extremely common and has a multifactorial aetiology, whose constitutive elements have not been completely elucidated yet. Protein depletion particularly important an imbalance of hormones regulating hunger satiety may be additive factor. The diagnosis treatment malnutrition are since associated with higher complication rates mortality. Our observational stu...