Background: The expression of bio-therapeutic proteins in mammalian cells, such as CHO, attains high homogeneity related to post-translational modifications. Although CHO remains the most popular cell line for bestselling biotherapeutic proteins on the market, there are still drawbacks such as expensive culture media, long time line, and high drug cost. Recently, researches on a novel Leishmani...

This paper studies the classical problem of output regulation for linear discrete-time systems subject to actuator saturation and extends the recent results on continuous-time systems to discrete-time systems. The asymptotically regulatable region, the set of all initial conditions of the plant and the exosystem for which the asymptotic output regulation is possible, is characterized in terms o...

In this brief, we investigate the output regulation problem of saturated linear system under the action of nonlinear exosystem. Particularly, for saturated systems with periodically time-dependent exosytem, the K-step asymptotically regulatable region is given, which is a set of all initial states of the plant and the ecosystem. Improved internal model principles are constructed and the feedbac...

Vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) have proven effective in humans and animals. In this regard, the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is one of the technologies of choice to generate such highly immunogenic vaccines. The extended use of these vaccines for human and animal populations is constrained because of high production costs, therefore a significant improvement in pro...

BACKGROUND Retroviruses are widely used to transfer genes to mammalian cells efficiently and stably. However, genetic elements required for high-level gene expression are incompatible with standard systems. The retroviral RNA genome is produced by cellular transcription and post-transcriptional processing within packaging cells: Introns present in the retroviral genomic transcript are removed b...

Pathogenic activation of the LMO2 protooncogene by an oncoretroviral vector insertion in a clinical trial for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) has prompted safety concerns. We used an adeno-associated virus vector to achieve targeted insertion of a -retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR) driving a GFP expression cassette with flanking loxP sites in a human T-cell line at the pre...

purpose: in order to express human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (hgm-csf) under heat shock. materials and methods: two expression plasmids were constructed based on pbc(sk) plasmid. the expression cassettes in the two plasmids are equipped with a 75 base pair fragment, derived from the pl promoter of the bacteriophage lambda (λ). the plasmids also contain a temperature muta...