Regional integration proposals often require agreements between countries that differ in geographic size, resource endowments, transportation assets, technologies, and product quality. In this asymmetric setting, questions arise about the potential for mutual gains and the distribution of benefits among industries and workers in each country. This paper examines how regional integration between...

This paper examines the relationship between regional economic integration and FDI in North America, where two RIAs have been established over the past decade: a bilateral free trade agreement between Canada and the U.S. (CUSTA) and a trilateral agreement (NAFTA) incorporating Mexico as well. The North American experiences suggest substantially more modest impacts of regional trade agreements o...

The paper at hand presents an analytical framework to assess the relative power of both ‘mainstream’ theories of regional integration and theories of the New Regionalism for the explanation of regional integration in Southern Africa. It is argued that the explanatory power of theories of both theoretical camps can be tested by comparing their assumptions with regard to four criteria of analysis...

This paper examines the scope, broad principles, and characteristics of Pacific Asia’s economic relationships and cooperation at the regional level. The author addresses the broad issue of whether Asian efforts for regional cooperation and integration have been compatible with similar arrangements elsewhere or with an open multilateral trading system at the global level. The paper also assesses...

with the collapse of soviet :union:, central asian countries came into independence. the countries were neglected by russia during the first years after their formation. this encouraged other regional and trans-regional powers to interfere in the region and try to maximize their interests. shifting its foreign-policy process, russia kept its eyes on look-east policy and tried to prevent others ...

We compute and color code the curvature of tangent curves of a 2D vector eld and apply this as a new visualization technique for ow elds. This way critical points of general topology can clearly be recognized in the visualization. We show that the curvature of tangent curves can be computed in a simple way without using any numerical integration even if a closed formula of the tangent curves th...