Waste incineration fly ash and bone powder could be successfully recycled to calcium phosphate hydrogel, a type of fast proton conductor. The electric conductivity of the crystallized hydrogel from them was compared with that from calcium carbonate reagent. It was found that the conductivity of the hydrogel from bone powder is almost equal to that from calcium carbonate reagent, which is higher...

A large part of municipal solid waste (MSW) still goes to landfills, representing an environmental concern. circular economy approach can enable safe management MSW while mitigating the increasing energy needs when is used as a feedstock in production processes (waste energy). Currently, be converted into refuse-derived fuel (RDF) through mechanical and biological treatment processes. This stud...

Most municipalities in developing countries lack technical and economic resources to improve their municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system. Therefore, tools are needed that enable the most appropriate solutions be identified put better use. This study presents an easy-to-apply sequential methodology for analysis of MSWM alternatives. The method consists two stages: (1) screening availabl...

Despite progress in residential waste diversion, residual waste - that fraction which cannot be recycled or composted - must continue to be managed by municipalities. Zero waste and environmental groups worry that waste-to-energy (WtE) incinerators discourage diversion, while both incineration and landfill have been stigmatized in the popular consciousness such that WtE incinerators in particul...

The typical U.S. refuse-to-energy facility utilizes a 600 psig, 750°F steam cycle. The ability to operate at higher steam pressure and temperature cycles, without incurring excessive corrosion, results in more kilowatts per ton of refuse and, hence, more economically at­ tractive projects. This paper represents the evolution of a 900 psig, 830°F refuse boiler from lower temper­ ature and pressu...

Resource recovery from waste streams in a space habitat is essential to minimize the resupply burden and achieve self-sufficiency. In a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) human wastes and inedible biomass will represent significant sources of secondary raw materials necessary for support of crop plant production (carbon, water, and inorganic plant nutrients). Incineration, pyro...

Objective To explore the process of refuse decomposition in hybrid bioreactor landfill. Methods The bioreactor landfill was operated in sequencing of facultative-anaerobic and aerobic conditions with leachate recirculation. pH, COD, and ammonia in the leachate and pH, biodegradable organic matter (BDM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in refuse were detected. Results CEC increased gradually ...

Techniques were evaluated for formation of a liquid inoculum from shredded municipal refuse, including chilling the refuse at 4 degrees C prior to blending and multiple washing and blending cycles. The average count of cellulolytic bacteria from six different detachment treatments was 5.1 x 10 cells per g (dry weight) of refuse with a range of 0.7 x 10 to 12.7 x 10 cells per g (dry weight). The...

A system for handling up to 120 tons/day of municipal refuse has been developed for co-firing with coal in a spreader-stoker boiler at the Colum­ bus, Ohio, Municipal Electric Plant. This system is unique in that the refuse has undergone only shred­ ding to 90 percent minus 4 in. (10 cm) and magnetic separation of ferrous material. The refuse-handling system comprises: (1) a push-pit with a hyd...