Recognition of the importance of innovation and, consequently, design and design planning has led to greatly expanded research in the methods of design and planning. This in turn has resulted in fast evolving planning techniques and a need for a higher level planning function in the development process—metaplanning. Metaplanning is the planning of the planning process, an activity that involves...

BACKGROUND Bio-jet fuels compatible with current aviation infrastructure are needed as an alternative to petroleum-based jet fuel to lower greenhouse gas emissions and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Cradle to grave life cycle analysis is used to investigate the global warming potential and fossil fuel use of converting poplar biomass to drop-in bio-jet fuel via a novel bioconversion platfor...

Direct industrial application of x-ray absorption spectroscopy is demonstrated by research in catalysis (CO/H2 and naphtha reforming) and corrosion protection.

As an extension of chemical looping combustion, chemical looping steam reforming (CLSR) has been developed for H2 production. During CLSR, a steam reforming (SR) process occurs following the reduction of catalysts by the reforming feedstock itself (termed “auto-reduction”), as opposed to a separate, dedicated reducing agent like H2. This paper studied SR performances of four common bio-compound...

Novel micro-structured string-reactor designed as catalytically active wires placed in parallel into a tube was developed. The small diameter of the channels (∼100 m) leads to a short radial diffusion time, a narrow residence time distribution (RTD), and a low pressure drop. This reactor was applied for the oxidative steam-reforming of methanol (OSRM) to produce hydrogen in autothermal mode for...

Because of the traditional subordination of education to service, graduate medical education (GME) in the United States has never realized its full educational potential. This article suggests 4 strategies for reasserting the primacy of education in GME: limit the number of patients house officers manage at one time, relieve the resident staff of noneducational chores, improve educational conte...

WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Reforming Teacher Education, Again Schools of education have been portrayed as intellectual wastelands, decried as impractical and irrelevant by practitioners, and cited as the root cause of bad teaching and inadequate learning. Teacher education as a whole has been the target of innumerable eff orts designed to reform it or save it from being dismantled. In 2001, Carneg...

Structure, morphology and composition of two Pd/Ga2O3 methanol steam reforming catalysts were correlated with the associated activity and selectivity changes in the methanol steam reforming reaction and linked to studies on pure Ga2O3 supports. For both systems, that are, a Pd/Ga2O3 thin film model catalyst and a powder-supported Pd catalyst, we identified a temperature range in which the reduc...

The steam reforming of hydrocarbon fuels is a promising method for the production of hydrogen for portable electrical power sources. A suitable reactor for this application, however, must be compatible with temperatures above 800 degrees C to avoid coking of the catalytic structures during the reforming process. Here, ceramic microreactors comprising high surface area, tailored macroporous SiC ...

Microreactors are miniaturized chemical reaction systems, which contain reaction channels with characteristic dimensions in the range of 10-500 μm. One possible application for microreactors is the conversion of ethanol to hydrogen used in fuel cells to generate electricity. In this paper a rigorous isothermal, steady-state two-dimensional model was developed to simulate the behavior of a membr...