profound bradycardia during eye surgery is a potentially serious event. in clinical practice oculo-cardiac reflex (ocr) is most often encountered during squint surgery. the objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of ocr and prove the effect of ketamine as an induction drug and anticholinergic premedication (atropine) to prevent ocr. this study comprised 90 patients (aged 4-10 years...

Dorsal root stimulation, carried out during operation in 80 spastic cerebral palsy patients and in one spastic quadriplegic patient, allowed a study of abnormal monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes. Frequency-related depression of the monosynaptic reflex was not present; increased activity through non-suppressed polysynaptic pathways was shown.

ummary: Intermittent methohexitone for conservative dentistry has been shown to cause clinically undetectable respiratory obstruction, depression of the laryngeal reflex, and arterial hypoxaemia. Because of the pronounced decrease in total peripheral resistance, the blood pressure was maintained only by large increases in cardiac output. Furthermore, the output of the heart could not increase w...

24 Enhancements in the strength of corticospinal projections to muscles are induced in 25 conscious humans by paired associative stimulation (PAS) to the motor cortex. Although 26 most of the previous studies support the hypothesis that the increase of the amplitude of 27 motor evoked potentials (MEP) by PAS involves long-term potentiation (LTP)-like 28 mechanism in cortical synapses, changes i...

Spinal inhibition is significantly reduced after spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans. In this work, we examined if locomotor training can improve spinal inhibition exerted at a presynaptic level. Sixteen people with chronic SCI received an average of 45 training sessions, 5 days/wk, 1 h/day. The soleus H-reflex depression in response to low-frequency stimulation, presynaptic inhibition of soleus...

39 Walking requires a constant adaptation of locomotor output from sensory afferent 40 feedback mechanisms to ensure efficient and stable gait. We investigated the nature of 41 the sensory afferent feedback contribution to the soleus motoneuronal drive and to the 42 corrective stretch reflex by manipulating body load and ankle joint angle. The 43 volunteers walked on a treadmill (~3.6km/h) conn...

Lu, Wei Yang, and Detlef Bieger. Vagal afferent transmission in the NTS mediating reflex responses of the rat esophagus. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 43): R1436–R1445, 1998.—In urethan-anesthetized rats, esophageal distension evoked volume-dependent reflex contractions with phase-locked multiunit discharges in the central subnucleus of the solitary tract complex (N...

Dorsal root-evoked stimulation of sensory afferents in the hemisected in vitro rat spinal cord produces reflex output, recorded on the ventral roots. Transient spinal 5-HT(2C) receptor activation induces a long-lasting facilitation of these reflexes (LLFR) by largely unknown mechanisms. Two Sprague-Dawley substrains were used to characterize network properties involved in this serotonin (5-HT) ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dopamine released from the endings of descending dopaminergic nerve fibres in the spinal cord may be involved in modulating functions such as locomotion and nociception. Here, we examined the effects of dopamine on spinal synaptic transmissions in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Spinal reflex potentials, monosynaptic reflex potential (MSR) and slow ventral root potential (s...

Descending monoaminergic systems modulate spinal cord function, yet spinal dopaminergic actions are poorly understood. Using the in vitro lumbar cord, we studied the effects of dopamine and D2-like receptor ligands on spinal reflexes in wild-type (WT) and D3-receptor knock-out mice (D3KO). Low dopamine levels (1 microM) decreased the monosynaptic "stretch" reflex (MSR) amplitude in WT animals a...