in this paper, an efficient fault-tolerant routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc networks (manets) is presented. the proposed algorithm increases the network fault-tolerance using natural redundancy of ad-hoc networks. this algorithm is carried out in two stages; 1) the selection of backup nodes 2) the selection of backup route(s). in the first stage, the proposed algorithm chooses nodes with the...

Random Access Memory is major component in present day SOC, by Improving the yield of RAM improves the yield of SOC. So the repairable memories play a vital role in improving the yield of chip. Built-in self-repair (BISR) technique has been widely used to repair embedded random access memories (Ram's). If each repairable RAM uses one self contained BISR circuit (Dedicated BISR scheme), then the...

The Redundancy Allocation Problem (RAP) is well-known in the field of reliability optimization. In this paper, RAP investigated assuming that distribution time to failure components has form an Erlang with a time-dependent rate parameter and considering choice redundancy for each subsystem can be none, active, standby or mixed. A genetic algorithm used solve problem optimal allocation. To analy...