Supramolecular micellar structures have been proposed as carriers in aim-oriented drug transportation to a target marked by specific immune complexes. In this study, the self-assembling dye Congo red was used as a model supramolecular carrier and its accumulation in the target was studied in vivo. The target was created in vivo as the local specific inflammation provoked by subcutaneous injecti...

The Rayleigh match, a color match between a mixture of 545+670 nm lights and 589 nm light in modern instruments, is the definitive measurement for the diagnosis of inherited red-green color defects. All trichromats, whether normal or anomalous, have a limited range of 545+670 nm mixtures they perceive to match 589 nm: a typical color-normal match range is about 50-55% of 670 nm in the mixture (...

Red light given in the inductive dark period inhibits flowering in short day plants, and this effect may be reversed by far-red light given shortly after the red irradiation. The pigment system involved in these reactions is called phytochrome. In Pharbitis, however, the flower-inhibitory effect of red light is not reversed by succeeding irradiation with far-red (6, 7, 8, 13). The flowering res...

To identify specific mutants for components of phytochrome A (phyA) signaling in Arabidopsis, we established a light program consisting of multiple treatments with alternating red and far-red light. In wild-type seedlings, irradiation with multiple red light pulses can reduce the amount of phyA, which in turn decreases the high-irradiance responses (HIRs) mediated by the subsequent treatments w...

Obsidian artifacts recently have been recovered from 18 archaeological sites on eight islands across the Kuril Island archipelago in the North Pacific Ocean, suggesting a wide-ranging distribution of obsidian throughout the island chain over the last 2,500 years. Although there are no geologic sources of obsidian in the Kurils that are known to have been used prehistorically, sources exist in H...

Acantholycosa azarkinaesp. n. is described from the Maritime Province of Russia on the basis of both sexes. Acantholycosa norvegica (Thorell, 1872) is reported from the Maritime Province for the first time. A key and illustrations to all six species that occur in Far East Asia are provided.

A new, two-winged species Procloeon monilistylus sp. n. is described from the Russian Far East based on male and female imagoes reared from larvae. The larva differs from other species of Procloeon by having a deeply separated incisor and kinetodontium of the mandibles. The imago differs from all Baetidae (and mayflies in general) by the shape of the gonostyli. Formerly this species was known a...

Five new species of Chersodromia: C. gamoviensis sp. nov., C. leleji sp. nov., C. mohican sp. nov., C. stenopsis sp. nov. and C. yamanei sp. nov. are described from the southern part of Primorsk Territory, Russian Far East. A key to species from this region is given. Chersodromia kamtchatkiana Chvála, 1970, syn. nov. is synonymized with C. nubifera Coquillett, 1899. Several species reported in ...

A new species of Plecoptera Megaperlodes tiunovi sp. n., from the South of the Russian Far East is described and illustrated. The relationships with its close relatives are discussed. Newly discovered features are added to the diagnosis of the genus Megaperlodes, especially previously overlooked eversible lobes within the paraprocts, egg structure, and wing venation.

The species of Spaniopus Walker, 1833 (Pteromalidae) are reviewed. A new species from the Russian Far East, S. belokobylskiji sp. nov., is described and illustrated. Redescriptions and illustrations of all available types of Spaniopus species are provided. A key for the identification of the twelve known species of Spaniopus is given. Five species, Spaniopus fulvicornis Bouček, S. japonicus Kam...