OBJECTIVE Oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretrovirals (ARVs) is at the forefront of biomedical HIV prevention research, and ARVs are also being tested for rectal administration to target people practicing unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI) and at risk of HIV infection. This study assessed the acceptability of daily oral PrEP and rectal PrEP during URAI among men who have...

One hundred eighty-eight seizure episodes in 46 children were randomly assigned to receive treatment with rectal diazepam and intranasal midazolam with doses of 0.3 mg/kg body weight and 0.2 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Efficacy of the drugs was assessed by drug administration time and seizure cessation time. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were measured ...

The methanol extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens R.Br. root (MEIF) was evaluated for its anti-pyretic potential on normal body temperature and yeast-induced pyrexia in albino rats. Yeast suspension (10 ml/kg body wt.) increased rectal temperature 19 h after subcutaneous injection. The MEIF, at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body wt., p.o., produced significant reduction in normal body...

background: considering the ease of administration of capecitabne instead of infusional 5fu for concurrent  radiochemotherapy (rct) of rectal cancer, the use of capecitabine has increased significantly in our radiation oncology department in the past years. thus we decided to compare the safety and survival with these 2 drugs by a retrospective review. methods: files of all patients receiving r...

Irinotecan suppository was prepared using the moulding method with a homogeneous blend. A sensitive and specific fluorescence method was developed and validated for the determination of irinotecan in plasma using HPLC. The pharmacokinetics of intravenous administered and rectal administered in rabbits was investigated. Following a single intravenous dose of irinotecan (50 mg/kg), the plasma iri...

CONTEXT Rectal administration of artemisinin derivatives is a potentially lifesaving emergency treatment of severe malaria. Many different preparations are marketed in tropical countries, but their pharmacokinetic disposition and clinical efficacy may vary. OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of rectally administered artesunate, artemisinin, dihydroartemisinin, and ...

Diazepam (DZP) has become a commonly used drug for treatment of acute repetitive epileptic seizures and febrile convulsions in children. Considering the advantages of rectal administration of DZP, the objective of our study was to formulate and evaluate rectal hydrogels containing DZP as a drug substance in combination with suitable co-solvents and preservatives. Prepared HPMC (hydroxypropyl me...

In this study, a liquid formulation of influenza subunit vaccine admixed with Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles as adjuvant was delivered to upper and lower parts of intestinal tract. The aim was to determine the most effective immunization site in the intestines. Mice were vaccinated with a liquid formulation of GEM and influenza subunit vaccine orally and rectally. The oral admini...

suffering from febrile convulsions. Previous studies of clinical applications of rectal DZP have shown that intermittent administration of DZP suppositories during the febrile period prevents recurrent febrile convulsions. In addition to DZP suppository, acetaminophen (AAP) suppositories are occasionally used to ease suffering by high fever. However, the simultaneous combination of DZP and AAP ...

Clonazepam was administered rectally to six children aged 1.4 to 4.7 years in a dose of 0.05 mg/kg and to five children aged 1.4 to 4.1 years in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations indicate that it is rapidly absorbed, and it may therefore be an alternative to rectal administration of diazepam in continuing convulsions.