Proposed resolutions to the Arab-Israeli water conflict that fail to consider the introduction of alternative freshwater sources in the not-too-distant future cannot be taken seriously. Each of three major forms of freshwater supply augmentation (the “unconventional supplies”) is likely to be implemented on a widespread basis in the region, thereby substantially altering the regional water bala...

Salinization is the main characteristic of soils in arid and semi-arid regions which reduce the agricultural potential ofirrigated lands. Therefore, soil reclamation as well as determination of the leaching requirement for salt control is veryimportant for better plant growth. In this study, the effects of leaching on saline soils of Sistan region, southeast of Iranwere examined using unsaturat...

Forest floor mineral soil mix (FMM) and peat mineral soil mix (PMM) are cover soils commonly used for upland reclamation post open-pit oil sands mining in northern Alberta, Canada. Coarse woody debris (CWD) can be used to regulate soil temperature and water content, to increase organic matter content, and to create microsites for the establishment of microorganisms and vegetation in upland recl...

Transformation of natural land cover (LC) into modified LC has become inevitable due to growing human needs. Nevertheless, landscape transformational patterns during reclamation of mine damaged lands remain vague. Our hypothesis was that post-mining landscapes with different ages since dumping become more diverse in LC transformation over time. The aim was to study the impact of landscape recla...

The Deckers Creek watershed in northern West Virginia (USA), containing a land area of 166 km2 (63 mi2), has a long history of industrial development and attendant environmental abuses from both land and water pollution practices. The water in Deckers Creek was sampled in 1974 at 29 locations along the main stem and resampled in 1999-2000 to determine water quality changes over this 25-year per...

Purpose: to substantiate the main provisions of landscape agroforestry reclamation. Methods: landscape-chorionic, ecotonic and catenary-basin approaches. Results. A provision on forest agrarian chorion formed by core – phytomass accumulation forestry stows reclamation fields its impact agricultural has been developed. The characteristics these depend intensity material-energy manifestations cho...

Heavy metal toxicity thresholds for plant species that are used in reclamation activities in Western North America have not been established. As a result, ecological risk assessments must rely on toxicity thresholds established for agronomic species, which may differ from those of species used in reclamation. As a result, risk assessors have the potential for classifying sites as phytotoxic to ...