objective: the nucleus accumbens (nac) receive histaminergic neurons from tuberomammillary nuclei. there are reports indicating that central histamine systems are involved in many physiological behavioral processes, including anxiety. the aim of the present study was to assess whether the histaminergic system of the nac is involved in anxiety-related behaviors. methods:   rats   were   anesthet...

introduction: it has been shown that administration of win55,212-2, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, into the basolateral amygdala (bla), dose-dependently increases the thermal latency to withdrawal in the tail-.ick test and decreases pain related behaviors in both phases of the formalin test. recent human and animal imaging data suggest that the nucleus accumbens (nac) is an important neural su...

I read the recently published article in Vol 6 (3) of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience entitled “Study the Effect of Endocannabinoid System on Rat Behavior in Elevated Plus- Maze” by Komaki et al. (2015). In this valuable article, the authors uncovered the effects of AM251 as a CB1 receptor antagonist on anxiety-like behaviors of rats using elevated plus-maze

macrophages and t-lymphocytes are involved in immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis. macrophage produces interleukin (il)-1 as an inflammatory mediator. il-1 receptor antagonist (il1-ra) is a natural antagonist of il-1 receptors. in this study we aimed to examine the possible association between the variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) of the il-1 receptor antagonist (il1rn) gene an...

introduction: the plethora of studies indicated that there is a cross talk relationship between harmaline and serotonergic (5-ht) system on cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors. thus, the purpose of this study is to assess the effects of hippocampal 5-ht4 receptor on memory acquisition deficit induced by harmaline.  methods: harmaline was injected peritoneally, while 5-ht4 receptor agonist (rs...

In this study using clonidine (a mixed ?2 /I1 receptors agonist), tizanidine (pure ?2-receptor agonist), rilmenidine (I1 receptor agonist) and yohimbine (?2-receptor antagonist), we tried to clarify the role of imidazoline and ?2-receptors in morphine withdrawal syndrome. Morphine-dependence was induced by administration of increasing doses of morphine in mice. After the last administration of ...

In this study using clonidine (a mixed ?2 /I1 receptors agonist), tizanidine (pure ?2-receptor agonist), rilmenidine (I1 receptor agonist) and yohimbine (?2-receptor antagonist), we tried to clarify the role of imidazoline and ?2-receptors in morphine withdrawal syndrome. Morphine-dependence was induced by administration of increasing doses of morphine in mice. After the last administration of ...

Curcumin exhibits both cancer- preventive activity and growth inhibitory effects on several neoplastic cells including human colon cancer. Serotonin and its receptors have also been implicated in tumor development. This study investigated the effect of ritanserin, a selective serotonin 5HT2A receptor antagonist, alone and in combination with curcumin on colorectal cancer cell lines. Result...

Introduction: A specific role of dopamine D2 receptor signaling of midbrain and hypothalamic dopaminergic systems has not been yet identified in energy homeostasis. Here, we investigated effects of intra-ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) administration of the D2 receptor agonist (quinpirole) and antagonist (sulpiride) on plasma leptin and glucose levels in fasted rats. Methods: A guide cannul...

Introduction: Cardiac preconditioning is an important method to reduce the damage caused by prolonged ischemia. Previous studies have shown that corticosteroids have protective effects on the heart, however at high concentrations this effect may be reduced with unknown mechanisms. We hypothesize that the contradictory effects of hydrocortisone at high concentration may be mediated via minera...