OBJECTIVE Current guidelines for optimal restraint of children in motor vehicles recommend the center rear seating location for installing a child-restraint system. However, recent research on child occupants in child-restraint system has brought this into question. The objective of this study was to describe seating position patterns among appropriately restrained child occupants aged 0 to 3 y...

A novel rear reflector structure that combines NIR light harvesting β-NaGdF4:Yb, Er, Fe upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and light reflecting silver particles has been successfully used to improve the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The power conversion efficiency of DSSCs with a rear reflector was 7.04%, which is an increase of 21.3% compared to the cell without a rear ref...

........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 7 FSAE Team History and Opportunity .........................................................

In migrating cells, the relative importance of myosin II contractility for cell rear retraction varies [1-12]. However, in myosin II-inhibited polarizing cells, actin organization is compromised [13-18]; thus it remains unclear whether myosin II is simply required for correct actin arrangement or also directly drives rear retraction [9]. Ascaris sperm cells lack actin and associated motors, and...

In this work, aluminum oxide films with excellent passivation effects were prepared on the rear-side surface of passivated emitter and rear cells (PERCs) using a self-developed spatial atomic layer deposition system. Various rear-side surface morphologies were obtained through different etching treatments. We compared the PERCs with standard etching treatment and further polishing processes on ...

This study presents a surrogate safety measure for evaluating the rear-end collision risk related to kinematic waves near freeway recurrent bottlenecks using aggregated traffic data from ordinary loop detectors. The attributes of kinematic waves that accompany rear-end collisions and the traffic conditions at detector stations spanning the collision locations were examined to develop the rear-e...

1 Introduction In high-energy physics colliders, the 'halo' particles surrounding the core of the beams would cause intolerable background in the physics detectors if not removed. Collima-tion systems consisting of mechanical 'spoilers' on the order of a radiation length are placed close to the beam and used to 'scrape' the halo particles off: the particles scattered by the spoilers are then co...

CONTEXT Backing crash injures can be severe; approximately 200 of the 2,500 reported injuries of this type per year to children under the age of 15 years result in death. Technology for assisting drivers when backing has limited success in preventing backing crashes. OBJECTIVES Two questions are addressed: Why is the reduction in backing crashes moderate when rear-view cameras are deployed? C...