background and objective: rapid diagnosis of pertussis is important for the timely isolation of the infection source and early prevention measures among the contact persons, especially among non-vaccinated infants for whom pertussis is life- threatening. materials and methods: targets is481 , is1001, bp0026 and human gapdh gene were used to develop a multiplex real- time pcr assay based on the ...

introduction ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap)  is one of the most serious and  prevalence of  complication  among patients in the intensive care unit nosocomial infections, which are often recognized after detecting symptoms. to date, there has been no proper clinical and diagnostic marker for early detection of this disease. in this study, two hcn4 and adam8 genes in patients with vap wer...

background: leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by different species of leishmania parasites with a wide range of clinical manifestations . antimonial compounds such as meglumine antimoniate (glucantime) are the first line drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis. however, according to reports of the drug resistance of parasites, the efficacy of antimonial compounds is low. the atp-bind...

abstract       background and objectives: more candida albicans strains are reported resistant to fluconazole in patients with aids, cancer and organ recipients. fluconazole resistance can be attributed to changes in pathways of sterol biosynthesis, mutation in or overexpression of erg11 and the expression of cdr1, cdr2, and mdr1. this study aimed to compare the expression of cdr1, cdr2, and md...

the objective of this study was to compare the effect of two conventional h9n2 avian influenza (ai) vaccines on replication and shedding of the h9n2 ai virus in broiler chickens. these inactivated oil emulsion vaccines contain either a uae or an iranian h9n2 ai isolate. one hundred and fifty one-day-old commercial broiler chickens were randomly divided into six groups. the birds, except for the...

foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a severely contagious viral disease that mainly affects cloven-hoofedlivestock and wildlife. this study quantifies the cytokines mrna expression of vaccinated guinea pigs withfmd type o inactivated vaccine. blood samples were collected from eight guinea pigs at 7 and 28 days after thefirst vaccination. extracted mrnas were reverse-transcribed into cdna and analyz...