Global biodiversity conservation is seriously challenged by gaps and heterogeneity in the geographical coverage of existing information. Nevertheless, the key barriers to the collection and compilation of biodiversity information at a global scale have yet to be identified. We show that wealth, language, geographical location and security each play an important role in explaining spatial variat...

This paper provides a brief technical survey of the historical national accounts of Iran. Gaining access to longer-term time series in compliance with concepts, classifications and standards comparable to the present one help fulfill quantitative studies in the area of business cycles. Despite the shortage of reliable, standardized and classified information, the methodology applied in thi...

The paper develops a method for producing current quarter forecasts of gross domestic product growth with a (possibly large) range of available within-the-quarter monthly observations of economic indicators, such as employment and industrial production, and financial indicators, such as stock prices and interest rates. In light of existing evidence of time variation in the variances of shocks t...

Housing is a key component of the U.S. economy: in 2001, housing comprised more than a third of the nation’s tangible assets, and, in the form of home building and remodeling, housing consumption and related spending represented more than 21 percent of the U.S. gross domestic product. Since 2001, home sales, prices, equity and debt have all grown substantially, enabling millions of Americans to...

While Singapore has been doing well in terms of cross-country per capita income comparisons and in terms of overall employment growth, it has been a laggard when it comes to labor productivity and this concern is more serious for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In this context, this paper first identifies the sources of gross domestic product (GDP) growth and simulates different scenarios ...

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to examine the association between income inequality and school violence and between the performance inequality and school violence in two international samples. METHODS The study used data from Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2011 and from the Central Intelligence Agency of United States which combined information about academic perf...

This review describes the advocacy efforts to mobilize resources for the campaign to vaccinate men and women aged 9-39 years, with a goal of eliminating rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in Guatemala. The country's investment in health has been historically low (0.9% of gross domestic product), and there has been a wide gap between the availability of economic resources and the need for e...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to estimate the features of suicide rate and its association with economic development and stock market during the past decade in the People's Republic of China. METHODS Official data were gathered and analyzed in the People's Republic of China during the period 2004-2013. Nationwide suicide rate was stratified by four year age-groups, sex, urban/rur...

For nearly a decade, I have argued that the Federal Reserve should maintain a target path of total demand in the American economy. The best measure of total demand, I suggest, is what the Department of Commerce calls “final sales to domestic purchasers.” This aggregate is equal to nominal gross domestic product minus the change in private inventories minus exports plus imports. In recent years,...

This study examines the role of human capital formation in economic growth in Pakistan by using the secondary data for the period of 197273 to 2010-11. The results implied that education enrollment (proxy for human capital), health and physical capital are important to boost the economic growth in Pakistan. Human capital, fixed capital and employed labor force affect the GDP and result in unidi...