BACKGROUND DNA barcoding is expected to be an effective identification tool for organisms with heteromorphic generations such as pteridophytes, which possess a morphologically simple gametophyte generation. Although a reference data set including complete coverage of the target local flora/fauna is necessary for accurate identification, DNA barcode studies including such rich taxonomic sampling...

T he goal of DNA barcoding is conceptually simple: Find one or a few regions of DNA that will distinguish among the majority of the world’s species, and sequence these from diverse sample sets to produce a large-scale reference library of life on earth (1). This approach can then be used as a tool for species identification and to help in the discovery of new species (2). Since the first DNA ba...

The coralline algal genus Corallinapetra is currently monospecific and was established on the species novaezelandiae, known from a single collection north-eastern New Zealand. On basis of multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, has been resolved apart all recognized families orders within Corallinophycidae. We analyzed DNA sequence data holotype Lithothamnion gabrielii, which considered heterotypic s...

The carboxylation of ribulose biphosphate by the enzyme ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase is the mechanism for CO2 fixation and primary production in nearly all ecosystems on this planet. Although certain algal isolates and higher plants contain conserved nucleotide sequences in the large subunit of the gene (rbcL) for this enzyme, such genes from natural microbial assemblages have not...

Targeted gene replacement in plastids was used to explore whether the rbcL gene that codes for the large subunit of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, the key enzyme of photosynthetic CO2 fixation, might be replaced with altered forms of the gene. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants were transformed with plastid DNA that contained the rbcL gene from either sunflower (Helianthus an...

We examined three parallel data sets with respect to qualities relevant to phylogenetic analysis of 20 exemplar monocotyledons and related dicotyledons. The three data sets represent restriction-site variation in the inverted repeat region of the chloroplast genome, and nucleotide sequence variation in the chloroplast-encoded gene rbcL and in the mitochondrion-encoded gene atpA, the latter of w...

Although there has been a long history of cultivation and research on Nymphaea, the taxonomic relationships evolutionary among Nymphaea species remain controversial. The chloroplast (cp) genome can provide new method to determine origin, evolution, phylogenetic Nymphaea. complete cp genomes seven were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology, structural characteristics analyzed. had r...

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) function as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in organisms from all domains of life. Cyanobacteria are thought to have developed a complex RNA-based regulatory mechanism. In the current study, by genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed small RNAs in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under high light conditions, we discovered a...