nanocrystalline zno particles were prepared by a novel sonochemical route from zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide without any requirement of calcination steps at high temperature and without surfactants. variations in several parameters and their effects on the structural (crystal size and morphology) properties of nanoparticles were investigated. characterizations were carried out by x-ray diff...

objective(s): hardystonite (ht) has been successfully prepared by a modified sol-gel method. we hypothesized thatnano-sized (ht) would mimic more efficiently the nanocrystal structure and function of natural bone apatite, owing to the higher surface area, compare to conventional micron-size (ht).materials and methods: the hardystonite nanopowder was prepared via a modified sol-gel method.optimi...

znfe2o4 mixed spinel ferrite nanoparticles obtained through a citrate-nitrate combustion method. ignited products calcined at different temperatures in 600-900ºc range and effect of calcination treatment temperature investigated. final products characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (fesem). the a...

Manuscript received September 11, 2011 * Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract— The diffraction fields and the shadow of standing tree diffraction are solved by using polygons to approximately take the place and approximation as approximate substitutes of for the circle. The algorithm model of ray path tracing is computed by tracing the ray path on standing tree. Considering el...

In 1912, Max von Laue and collaborators first observed diffraction spots from a millimeter-sized crystal of copper sulfate using an Xray tube. Crystallography was born of this experiment, and since then, diffraction by both X-rays and electrons has revealed a myriad of inorganic and organic structures, including structures of complex protein assemblies. Advancements in X-ray sources have spurre...

The formalism of the N-beam dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction is extended to include all possible incident and diffracted polarizations. With this new formalism it is shown that the intensity of a simultaneously excited Bragg reflection can be described through a polarization density matrix that involves the Stokes-Poincar6 parameters. In particular, the multibeam diffracted intensity is se...

A single exposure X-ray incidence method for determining stress using the whole part of the Debye-Scherrer ring was studied. An image plate (IP) was used in this study as an area detector. A stress measuring system using an X-ray two-dimensional detector was developed. This was designed in order to be used in the authors’ X-ray laboratory. The background and the purpose of this study is to poin...

The linewidth of a 14.7 nm wavelength Ni-like Pd soft x-ray laser was measured in a single shot using a soft x-ray diffraction grating interferometer. The instrument uses the time delay introduced by the gratings across the beam to measure the temporal coherence. The spectral linewidth of the 4d1S0-4p1P1 Ni-like Pd lasing line was measured to be Δλ/λ=3×10(-5) from the Fourier transform of the f...

New developments on laser heated diamond anvil cell are reported by introducing a system installed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). With the system, a laser heating spot of 20 40 μm in diameter can be generated to temperatures over 3000 K for samples in diamond anvil cell; and the temperature gradients in the laser heated volume are less than 100 K. The system is based on the double sided l...

The aim of the present paper is to state differences in the spatial distribution of valency electrons for free metal atoms and for molten metals. The element lithium was chosen since both its inner and outer electrons play an important role, so that when a precise X-ray and a precise neutron-diffraction experiment have been carried out a difference, if it exists at all. should be recognizable. ...