X-ray astronomy needs to set bold, science driven goals for the next decade. Only with defined science goals can we know what to work on, and a funding agency appreciate the need for significant technology developments. To be a forefront science the scale of advance must be 2 decades of sensitivity per decade of time. To be stable to new discoveries these should be general, discovery space, goa...

A unifying theme of this conference was the use of different approaches to understand astrophysical sources of energetic particles in the TeV range and above. In this summary I review how gamma-ray astronomy, neutrino astronomy and (to some extent) gravitational wave astronomy provide complementary avenues to understanding the origin and role of high-energy particles in energetic astrophysical ...

The signiicance of supernovae for the Compton GRO has lain primarily in the large amount of radioactivity that they eject. This activity and its daughters nd their way into the interstellar medium and into other arenas of astrophysics. Direct measures of the quantity of such activity carries profound information that is not available from observations of stable nuclei. CGRO has had both success...

With the development of the Laue Lens, gamma-ray astronomy is presently realizing the step that virtually all branches of astronomy have accomplished since Lippershey’s invention 400 years ago: the focusing telescope. In a Laue lens, gamma-rays interact coherently inside a crystal via Bragg-diffraction; a large number of diffraction crystals are oriented in a way to deviate incident photons ont...

In an attempt to explain the observed unexpectedly high energy gamma radiation over a broad region of the galactic plane in the general direction of the galactic center, a model is proposed wherein the galactic cosmic rays are preferentially located in the high matter density regions of galactic arm segments, as a result of the weight of the matter in these arms tieing the magnetic fields and h...

We discuss the anisotropic arrival directions of the ultra high energy cosmic rays detected by Auger which I consider one of the biggest discoverie in astrophysics during the last year.

Underground detectors measure the directions of up-coming muons of neutrino origin. They can also observe down-going muons made by gamma rays in the Earth’s atmosphere. Although gamma ray showers are muon-poor, they produce a sufficient number of muons to detect the sources observed by GeV and TeV telescopes. With a threshold higher by one hundred and a probability of muon production of about 1...