This paper tries to study the effective factors involving in social identity among high school students in Amol (Northern Iran) from three different viewpoints: Religion, family and national ones. This research is done by survey and questionnaire method. The sample were 372 Boys and girls. The findings show variables like self satisfaction, rationalization of affairs, and self-steastm influen...

Current drug discovery strategies include both molecular and empirical approaches. The molecular approaches are predominantly hypothesis-driven and are referred to as target-based. The empirical approaches are referred to as phenotypic because they rely on phenotypic measures of response. A recent analysis revealed the phenotypic approaches to be the more successful strategy for small-molecule,...

A crystallization screening process is presented that was developed for a small academic laboratory. Its underlying concept is to combine sparse-matrix screening with systematic screening in a minimum number of crystallization conditions. The sparse-matrix screen is the cherry-picked combination of conditions from the Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG) extended using conditions from ot...

In Computer Science, conceptual modelling and formalization are the basis for developing automated systems, "intelligent" or not. It is often taken for granted that formalization is possible and desirable. In the Language/Action perspective, this assumption has been challenged. The Language/Action perspective promotes "communicative action", in the sense of Habermas, as the building block of in...

The concept of distance rationalizability allows one to define new voting rules or rationalize existing ones via a consensus, i.e., a class of elections that have a unique, indisputable winner, and a distance over elections: A candidate is declared an election winner if she is the consensus candidate in one of the nearest consensus elections. Many classic voting rules are defined or can be repr...

This paper contributes to the theory of rational choice under sequential criteria. Following the approach initiated by Manzini and Mariotti (2007) for single-valued choice functions, we characterize choice correspondences that are rational by two sequential criteria under a mild consistency axiom. Rationales ensuring the sequential rationalization are explicitly constructed and a uniquely deter...

Integrity is a non-ordinary commodity. The “sale” of integrity gives rise to the anomaly of shame. If integrity has a price, why do agents experience a disutility (shame) that they try to hide or, by resorting to self-rationalization, try to deny? The proposed view, called “quantum,” explains shame easily. It also avoids another set of anomalies that face heterodox models based on the multiple-...

A performance-based funding system like the United Kingdom's 'Research Excellence Framework' (REF) symbolizes the re-rationalization of higher education according to neoliberal ideology and New Public Management technologies. The REF is also significant for disclosing the kinds of behaviour that characterize universities' response to government demands for research auditability. In this paper, ...

According to the concept developed by Thomas Kuhn, a scientific revolution occurs when scientists encounter a crisis due to the observation of anomalies that cannot be explained by the generally accepted paradigm within which scientific progress has thereto been made: a scientific revolution can therefore be described as a change in paradigm aimed at solving a crisis. Described herein is an app...