In this paper we look at the application of ICTs to the improvement of state-citizen relations in a developing country context. Our argument is that, to maximise responsiveness of the government, ICTs need to target the structural problems in state-citizen relations, from which unresponsiveness of the state to citizens is generated. Failure, as portrayed here, arises from the fact that ICTs, ra...

Despite achieving a significant cost reduction over the past two decades, the absolute cost of food subsidies in Egypt is still high relative to the benefits received by the poor. There is scope for better targeting these food subsidies, in particular for targeting cooking oil and sugar ration cards, both because reforms in this area are perceived to be far less politically sensitive than adjus...

The feeding of distillers grains to dairy cattle is nothing new; such products have been fed cattle for more than a century. The research article by Loosli et al. (1952) referenced an 1895 Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin that reported on the feeding of distillers grains to lactating cows. In many respects, one might say that responses to feeding distillers grains today should b...

As advances in dairy cattle nutrition research are now becoming available to the dairy industry, it is sometimes difficult to understand how these differ ent advances and improvements in our understanding of dairy nutrition with the different approaches taken by different companies and their associated “jargon”. This brochure is meant as a general overview of the different ration balancing syst...

Ž . Ž . Hatchery-reared king scallop Pecten maximus L. spat 5–14 mm shell height were held in mesh-based Perspex cylinders suspended in 2.5 l beakers of seawater. This seawater was Ž . Ž maintained at eight temperatures 58C–238C inclusive , and various rations 0.012–0.492 g Ž . y1 Ž . y1. organic weight of algae g live weight of spat week of a diet consisting of a mixture of Ž . PaÕloÕa lutheri...