INTRODUCTION In kindling, repeated electrical stimulation of certain brain areas causes progressive and permanent intensification of epileptiform activity resulting in generalized seizures. We focused on the role(s) of glutamate and a negative regulator of glutamate release, STXBP5/tomosyn-1, in kindling. METHODS Stimulating electrodes were implanted in the amygdala and progression to two suc...

epilepsy is one of the common disorders in human community. clinical observations have shown that epileptic patients have often difficulty in learning and memory. kindling is a laboratory model for studying epilepsy and its complications. this experiment was designed to study the effect of chemical kindling on schaffer collateral-ca1 pyramidal cell synaptic transmission using pentylenetetrazole...

introduction: considering the antiepileptogenic effects of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms), the effect of rtms applied during amygdala kindling on spontaneous activity of hippocampal ca1 pyramidal neurons was investigated. materials and methods: a tripolar electrode was inserted in basolateral amygdala of male wistar rats. after a recovery period, animals received daily kindli...

Kindling is discussed in relation to affective illness as a nonhomologous model, which shares the feature of increasing illness severity and evolution over time following repeated exposures to certain forms of stimulation. This progressive aspect of kindling has proven useful in the study of approaches to pharmacotherapeutics, mechanisms and characteristics of drug tolerance, and, most recently...

Introduction: Consuming antidepressant medications induce several problems leading to the need for alternative agents for emotional disturbances. Antidepressant medications increase the seizure risk; thus, alternative treatments, like Antiepileptic Drugs (AED), might be useful for patients with epilepsy comorbid with a psychiatric disorder. The present study evaluated the behavioral effects of ...

Conventional kindling experiments appear ideal for generating inadvertent conditioned effects: A variety of stimuli (e.g., removal from the home cage, attachment to the stimulation lead, and placement in the stimulation environment) are repeatedly presented to the animal prior to each stimulation and convulsion. We recently demonstrated that the stimulation environment can have a major impact o...

In previous studies, we reported that a single afterdischarge (AD) or repeated ADs (kindling) in the hippocampus resulted in schizophrenia-like behaviors such as hyperactivity and loss of sensorimotor gating. Given that medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction is also found in models of schizophrenia, we hypothesized that a single AD in the PFC induces postictal hyperactivity, and PFC kindlin...