INTRODUCTION First-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure often results from the development of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). Three patterns, including thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs), 69 Insertion (69Ins) and the Q151M complex, are associated with resistance to multiple-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and may compromise treatment options for second-line ART...

AIM The study was conducted to evaluate the pathological effects of trypanosomosis on the testes, gonadal, and epididymal sperm reserves of Yankasa rams for 98 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 Yankasa rams, aged between 24 and 30 months and weighed between 22 and 25 kg, were acclimatized for a period of 2-months in a clean fly proof house and were adequately fed and given water ad-li...

This paper describes a procedure of laparoscopic insemination (LAI) performed in 42 Ile de France ewes with deep-frozen rams’ semen. Frozen semen doses was imported from France, originating from two rams (A and B), and used intermittently in three LAI cycles on different females. The ewes were examined ultrasonographically for pregnancy, two months following insemination and data of lambing wer...

The Rapid Acquisition of Multicast RTP Sessions (RAMS) solution is a method based on RTP and the RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) that enables an RTP receiver to rapidly acquire and start consuming the RTP multicast data. Upon a request from the RTP receiver, an auxiliary unicast RTP retransmission session is set up between a retransmission server and the RTP receiver, over which the reference infor...

This paper presents a range of applications of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), a comprehensive mesoscale meteorological modeling system. Applications discussed in this paper include large eddy simulations (LES) and simulations of thunderstorms, cumulus fields, mesoscale convective systems, mid-latitude cirrus clouds, winter storms, mechanicallyand thermally-forced mesoscale sys...

Protein synthesis has been investigated in different regions of the epididymis from normal rams, castrate rams, and castrate testosterone supplemented rams. Results show that there are few differences in the pattern of [35S]methionine-labelled proteins synthesized in different regions of the normal epididymis despite the variation in the morphology of the epithelial cells lining the duct. Three...

Shigeto HIRAGURI ȁSince the IEC published RAMS Standard in 2002 objective to railways, its importance and an impact of the standard to Japan have been conspicuous. On the contrary, new various train control systems based on information technology are under active development. Considering such situations, we assume that it is essential to establish a method to design railway-signalling systems, ...

In mature rams, the signs of high functional activity thyroid gland are observed in autumn period. An increase diameter follicles (109.1±0.58 microns) is marked, height epithelium (9.6±0.11 and area thyrocyte nuclei (32.8±0.38 μm2) statistically significant (P<0.001). pituitary rams period, there an number tyrotropes. The cytoplasm tyrotropes filled with secretory granules, which reflects le...

INTRODUCTION Virological response to etravirine (ETR) is dependent on the type and number of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). METHODS Data on NNRTI used in HAART at the time of failure and the number of NNRTI-RAMs were collected and retrospectively analyzed. ETR-RAMs were defined as V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D...