Use of high ramp rates ~.400°C/s! in rapid thermal annealing after ion implantation leads to experimentally observed improvements in junction depth and the reverse narrow-channel effect. However, a straightforward explanation for this effect has been lacking. Via modeling, we find that increasing the heating rate permits clusters with dissociation energies lower than the maximum of 3.5-3.7 eV t...

Altering the time base required physically changing the ramp generator. In this article a new method of generating the sweep deflection ramps is presented that permits changing the sweep rate by computer control without replacing the ramp generator. A logic level signal can now be used to change sweep rates without the need for invasive component changes. This new development permits fast and e...

Oxygen uptake (V̇O2) kinetics have been shown to be governed by a nonlinear control system across a range of work rates. However, the linearity of the V̇O2 response to ramp incremental exercise would appear to be the result of a linear control system. This apparent contradiction could represent a balancing of changing V̇O2 kinetics parameter values across a range of work rates. To test this, six h...

Global optimization based on evolutionary algorithms can be used as the important component for many engineering optimization problems. Evolutionary algorithms have yielded promising results for solving nonlinear, non-differentiable and multi-modal optimization problems in the power systems area. Differential evolution (DE) is a simple and efficient evolutionary algorithm for function optimizat...

This paper presents a new approach with artificial immune system algorithm to solve the profit based unit commitment problem. The objective of this work is to find the optimal generation scheduling and to maximize the profit of generation companies (Gencos) when subjected to various constraints such as power balance, spinning reserve, minimum up/down time and ramp rate limits. The proposed hybr...

This study uses regression analysis to evaluate long-run traffic management system performance. Three important traffic management systems in the Twin Cities metro area—Ramp Metering, Variable Message Signs, and Freeway Service Patrols (the Highway Helper Program) were evaluated using multiple regression models to predict link speed and incident rate. We find that ramp meters increase freeway l...

PURPOSE This study aimed to document the matching of muscle O2 delivery to O2 use in young patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) from muscle deoxygenation (HHb) dynamics during ramp exercise. METHODS Ten patients with stable, mild-to-moderate CF (12.7 ± 2.8 yr) and 10 healthy controls (CON, 12.8 ± 2.8 yr) completed a combined ramp and supramaximal cycling test to determine maximal O2 uptake (V˙O...

This paper proposes a novel and efficient hybrid algorithm based on combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gravitational search algorithm (GSA) techniques, called PSO-GSA. The core of this algorithm is to combine the ability of social thinking in PSO with the local search capability of GSA. Many practical constraints of generators, such as power loss, ramp rate limits, prohibited opera...

Dynamic economic dispatch (DED) is one of the most significant non-linear problems in power systems. The purpose is determining the optimal power outputs of available generating units in order to meet the load demand subject to satisfying various operational constraints over a certain period of time. In real power systems, the valve-point effects should be considered that makes the DED a non-sm...