BACKGROUND Prolactin is a peptide hormone necessary for normal breast development that may contribute to breast tumorigenesis. Estrogen is a significant positive regulator of prolactin synthesis; therefore, raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator under study as a breast cancer prevention agent, may modulate both estradiol and prolactin levels by inhibiting estradiol from binding to ...

Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, is a mixed estrogen agonist/antagonist that has been shown to prevent osteoporosis and breast cancer in women. Because the prostate contains a high level of ER-beta, the present study investigated the effect of raloxifene in the androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Previously, it has been demonstrated that LNCaP cell...

It is unknown whether treatment for osteoporosis with raloxifene is safe or effective in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). With data from a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 7705 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, the effect of raloxifene on rate of change of bone mineral density (BMD), incidence of fractures, and adverse events by stage of CKD was examined over 3...

CONTEXT As endogenous estradiol increases, risk of breast cancer increases. Raloxifene competes with endogenous estrogen for binding to estrogen receptors in breast tissue. A woman's estradiol level may alter the effects of raloxifene on breast cancer and other outcomes. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that raloxifene reduces breast cancer risk more in women with relatively high estradiol le...

BACKGROUND The randomized, double-blind Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) trial found that 4 years of raloxifene therapy decreased the incidence of invasive breast cancer among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis by 72% compared with placebo. We conducted the Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE) trial to examine the effect of 4 additional years of raloxifene therapy ...

Raloxifene ([6-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-benzothiophen-3yl][4-[2-(1-piperidyl) ethoxy] phenyl]-methadone) a non-steroidal selective estrogen receptor regulator, is currently applied to both the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis [1,2]. It acts as an estrogen agonist in bone and liver and in this way increases bone mineral density and decreases LDL-cholesterol [3]. Raloxif...

Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) decreases total serum calcium by about 0.5 mg/dl in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We investigated the ability of raloxifene, which has skeletal antiresorptive properties similar to those of ERT, to decrease serum calcium concentrations and markers of bone turnover in PHPT. Eighteen postmenopausal women with asymptomatic PHPT wer...

Previous studies reported the ability of raloxifene to acutely relax arterial and venous vessels, but the underlying mechanisms are controversial. Anti-inflammatory effects of the drug have been reported in nonvascular tissues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the nature of short- and long-term effects of raloxifene on selected aspects of vascular function in rat aorta. Isome...

Women at high risk of developing breast cancer are prescribed selective estrogen response modulators, including raloxifene, as chemoprevention. Patients often seek complementary and alternative treatment modalities, including herbal products, to supplement prescribed medications. Milk thistle preparations, including silibinin and silymarin, are top-selling herbal products that may be consumed b...

We read “Effects of raloxifene on bone metabolism in hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes” by Saito et al. (1) with a great interest. This paper shows that raloxifene works in diabetic or non-diabetic hemodialysis patients to reduce bone loss. This was shown by means of significant decrease in NTx and a significant increase in SOS measurements in both treatment groups compared to the un-t...