Abstract: To ensure the rail transportations safety, evaluation of fatigue behavior of the rail steel is necessary. High cycle fatigue behaviour of a rail steel was the subject of investigation in this research using fracture mechanics. Finite element method (FEM) was used for analyzing the distribution of the stresses on the rail, exerted by the external load. FEM analysis showed that the ...

At present, high-speed rail is used only as a mode of passenger transport. Yet, the acceleration of logistics and freight transport flows could be compatible with high-speed rail capabilities. This article examines the experiences, literature and prospects of high-speed rail for freight. It uses three hypotheses to evaluate the development of freight high-speed rail services in Europe. The arti...

Currently most modern dc rapid transit systems around the world use running rails or a negative rail as the negative return circuit for the dc traction current. These rails are intentionally kept ungrounded from ground (earth) by using insulating material between the rail and earth to minimize dc stray current. This configuration of return current rail develops varying voltage with respect to g...

The primary mechanisms playing a role in the dynamic wheel–rail response to rail weld irregularities in a ballasted track are pointed out. The concept of P1 and P2 forces for metallurgical rail welds, introduced in a first paper [1] concerning the present research, is further elaborated. The dynamic wheel–rail response is simulated for a number of geometrical rail weld measurements. Results sho...

In 2014, more than 43 cities in China were racing to construct their urban rail systems (including metro and light rail systems), recognizing that an urban rail system will be a good solution to the tough problems that they are faced with, including traffic congestion and PM2.5 air pollution. On 22 August 2012, the first electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) energy storage-type rail vehicle in...

To know the infection status of zoonotic trematode metacercariae in brackish water fish, we surveyed mullets collected from 18 coastal areas in the Republic of Korea. The metacercariae of Pygidiopsis summa were detected in 236 (68.2%) out of 346 mullets examined. They were found in mullets from 15 areas except for those from Boseong-gun (Jeollanam-do), Pohang-si, and Uljin-gun (Gyeongsangbuk-do...

n engl j med 372;9 nejm.org february 26, 2015 875 dent Barack Obama’s promise in his 2013 State of the Union address to enact gun-control legislation was stymied, and the composition of the current Congress augurs ill for such federal legislation. Surveys show that a strong majority of Americans want better gun control, and the medical community is solidly behind them. So what stands in the way...

OBJECTIVES One way law enforcement officers support firearm safety is by promoting the use of gun locks. This investigation examined law enforcement officers' willingness to use gun locks on their own guns, as well as their opinions regarding gun locks in general. SETTING Law enforcement officers from an urban agency in the southern region of the United States. METHODS Free keyed cable gun ...

An ideal magnetic rail should provide a homogeneous magnetic field along the longitudinal direction to guarantee the reliable friction-free operation of high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev vehicles. But in reality, magnetic field inhomogeneity may occur due to lots of reasons; the joint gap is the most direct one. Joint gaps inevitably exist between adjacent segments and influence the...

OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of an advanced practice nurse (APN) intervention on restrictive side rail usage in four nursing homes and with a sample of 251 residents. A secondary question explored the association between restrictive side rail reduction and bed-related falls. DESIGN Pre- and posttest design. SETTING Four urban nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS All nursing home residents pres...