Some forensic in situ investigations, such as those needed in transportation (for aviation, maritime, road, or rail accidents) or for parts working under harsh conditions (e.g., pipes or turbines) would benefit from a method/technique that distinguishes ductile from brittle fractures of metals—as material defects are one of the potential causes of incidents. Nowadays, the gold standard in mater...

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of grab rail position, orientation, and number of hands used on the kinetics of assisted sit-to-stand transfers. Participants were 12 able-bodied older adults between the ages of 69 and 88 years. While each one performed the sit-to-stand transfer, a motion analysis system with 9 cameras recording at 60 Hz tracked the 3-D trajectories of retrorefl...

final step of rail manufacturing is cold rolling straightening process and it hassignificant effects on mechanical properties, straightness, flatness and development of residualstresses. measurement of residual stresses after straightening process is obligated by railmanufacturing standards. in the present investigation, an attempt has been made to evaluateresidual stresses after straightening ...

Ultrasonic techniques have been used for many years for the inspection of rail. These measurements can detect the presence of a wide variety of defects but there are practical difficulties with the technology. While large transverse cracks of the type likely to cause catastrophic failure can be detected, the large, critical defects can be masked by large numbers of small, surface defects along ...

Safety levels at highway – rail level crossing locations continue to be a major concern at most of developing countries. Basically more than half of these accidents occur at public crossings, where active warning devices are in place and functioning properly. In most cases, accidents occurred when road users ignored the gates and passed through them or if they stopped on the tracks before the g...

In this work, a Euclidean distance calculator is presented. The circuit comprises of simple computing blocks, their basic element being the floating gate MOSFET (FGMOS), exploiting the merits of this device in designing circuits with low-voltage and rail-to-rail operation. Therefore the overall circuit has the characteristics of modularity, low-voltage and rail-to-rail operation under a single ...

There is ongoing debate over the relative advantages of rail and bus transit investments. Rail critics assert that cities which expand their bus transit systems exhibit better performance than those that expand rail systems. This study examines those claims. It compares public transport performance in U.S. urban areas that expanded rail transit with urban areas that expanded bus transit from th...

The mitigation of traffic congestion is a growing problem globally. We test whether there is a relationship between rail provision and road performance in Japan, using aggregate level data. Our motivation for examining Japan is the comparatively high level of rail provision in Japan. A regression analysis of prefectural data from 2010 finds that the length of rail has a significant effect on av...

Two architectures for a 1-V, 10-bit 200-kS/s successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (ADC) implemented in a standard CMOS 0.18 μm digital process are presented. A track-andhold circuit based on a novel implementation of the bootstrapped low-voltage analog CMOS switch with a novel rail-to-rail trackand-latch comparator circuit is described. A pMOS-only ladder containing a rail-to-ra...