The article offers a conceptual framework for describing freedom and power in terms of human behavior in multiple overlapping systems. Power and freedom describe relations of influence and susceptibility over the principles, policies, perceptions and preferences; outcomes; and configurations available to human beings, in each case as characterized by the affordances and constraints of an agent ...

For the internal dynamics of molecules it is of crucial importance that nuclei are much heavier than electrons. This leads to the adiabatic picture of the nuclei motion with respect to the motion of electrons. In the adiabatic picture, the coordinates of nuclei play the role of external parameters with respect to the state of the electronic sub-system, that is they play the same role as the adi...

We explore the available degrees of freedom for various multiuser MIMO communication scenarios such as the multiple access, broadcast, interference, relay, X and Z channels. For the two user MIMO interference channel, we find a general inner bound and a genie-aided outer bound that give us the exact number of degrees of freedom in many cases. We also study a share-and-transmit scheme for transm...

PURPOSE To assess the quality of cone beam computed tomography images obtained by a robotic arm-based and image-guided small animal conformal radiation therapy device. METHOD AND MATERIALS The small animal conformal radiation therapy device is equipped with a 40 to 225 kV X-ray tube mounted on a custom made gantry, a 1024 × 1024 pixels flat panel detector (200 μm resolution), a programmable 6...

When using smoothing splines to estimate a function, the user faces the problem of choosing the smoothing parameter. Several techniques are available for selecting this parameter according to certain optimality criteria. Here, we take a different point of view and we propose a technique for choosing between two alternatives, for example allowing for two different levels of degrees of freedom. T...

We derive the degrees of freedom of the lasso fit, placing no assumptions on the predictor matrix X. Like the well-known result of Zou et al. (2007), which gives the degrees of freedom of the lasso fit when X has full column rank, we express our result in terms of the active set of a lasso solution. We extend this result to cover the degrees of freedom of the generalized lasso fit for an arbitr...

Erminia Calabrese, Dragan Huterer, Eric V. Linder, Alessandro Melchiorri, and Luca Pagano Physics Department and INFN, Universita’ di Roma ‘‘La Sapienza’’, Ple Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA Berkeley Lab & University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. Institute for the Early Universe WCU, ...

We propose a tomographic scheme to reconstruct the quantum state of a BoseEinstein condensate, exploiting the radiation field as a probe and considering the atomic internal degrees of freedom. The density matrix in the number state basis can be directly retrieved from the atom counting probabilities. PACS numbers: 03.65.Bz, 03.75.Fi, 32.80.-t