Teeters and Arbib (Bio Cybernet 1991;64:197-207) presented a model of the anuran retina which qualitatively accounts for some of the characteristic response properties used to distinguish ganglion cell type in anurans. Teeters et al. (Vis Res 1993;33:2361-2379) tested the model's ability to reproduce data of Ewert and Hock (Exp Brain Res 1972;16:41-59) relating toad R2, R3 and R4 ganglion cell ...

We use native gel electrophoresis to characterize complexes that mediate RNA interference (RNAi) in Drosophila. Our data reveal three distinct complexes (R1, R2, and R3) that assemble on short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in vitro. To form, all three complexes require Dicer-2 (Dcr-2), which directly contacts siRNAs in the ATP-independent R1 complex. R1 serves as a precursor to both the R2 and R3 c...

First, we prove a special case of Knaster’s problem, implying that each symmetric convex body in R3 admits an inscribed cube. We deduce it from a theorem in equivariant topology, which says that there is no S4-equivariant map from SO(3) to S2, where S4 acts on SO(3) as the rotation group of the cube and on S 2 as the symmetry group of the regular tetrahedron. We also give some generalizations. ...

R3 receptor tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are characterized by extracellular domains composed solely of long chains of fibronectin type III repeats, and by the presence of a single phosphatase domain. There are five proteins in mammals with this structure, two in Drosophila and one in Caenorhabditis elegans. R3 RPTPs are selective regulators of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, and a nu...

Chemists have defined the point group of a molecule as the group of rigid symmetries of its molecular graph in R3. While this group is useful for analyzing the symmetries of rigid molecules, it does not include all of the symmetries of molecules which are flexible or can rotate around one or more bonds. To study the symmetries of such molecules, we define the topological symmetry group of a gra...

This article presents the design principles and efficient implementation techniques for ABCL/R3, an object-oriented concurrent reflective language. One of the most distinguished features of ABCL/R3 is compilation techniques using partial evaluation, which effectively remove interpretation from meta-level programs. The meta-level objects are designed so that they can be partially evaluated in an...

For a set A of positive integers and any positive integer n, let R1(A, n), R2(A, n) and R3(A, n) denote the number of solutions of a + a = n with the additional restriction a, a ∈ A; a, a ∈ A, a < a and a, a ∈ A, a ≤ a respectively. In this paper, we specially focus on the monotonicity of R3(A, n). Moreover, we show that there does not exist any set A ⊂ N such that R2(A, n) or R3(A, n) is event...

We study the asymptotic behavior of the solutions of the Benjamin-BonaMahony equation defined on R3. We first provide a sufficient condition to verify the asymptotic compactness of an evolution equation defined in an unbounded domain, which involves the Littlewood-Paley projection operators. We then prove the existence of an attractor for the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation in the phase space H1(...

The problem is from mesoscopic physics: let p : Σ → R3 be an embedded surface in R3, we assume that (1) Σ is orientable, complete, but non-compact; (2) Σ is not totally geodesic; (3) Σ is asymptotically flat in the sense that the second fundamental form goes to zero at infinity. On can build a quantum layer Ω over such a surface Σ as follows: as a differentiable manifold, Ω = Σ × [−a, a] for so...

Pressure-induced bond type switching and phase transformation in glassy carbon (GC) has been simulated by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and the Stochastic Quenching method (SQ) in a wide range of pressures (0-79 GPa). Under pressure, the GC experiences a hardening transition from sp- and sp(2)-type to sp(3)-type bonding, in agreement with previous experimental results. M...