Quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) of critical temperatures with small numbers of physically significant molecular descriptors are developed using the CODESSA (comprehensive descriptors for structural and statistical analysis) technique. A highly significant one-parameter model correlates to the critical temperatures of 76 hydrocarbons at R2 ) 0.953. A successful three-paramet...

Evolutionary biology is a study of life's history on Earth. In researching this history, biologists are often interested in attempting to reconstruct phenotypes for the long extinct ancestors of living species. Various methods have been developed to do this on a phylogeny from the data for extant taxa. In the present article, I introduce a new approach for ancestral character estimation for dis...

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In this chapter, we will look at what is meant by positivist research, and consider how a positivist approach to research leads to the use of experimental and quantitative methods. We will also be introducing you to the idea of research paradigms. This is important because carrying out research involves an understanding of the philosophy that underpins the research – or ‘paradigm’ – because thi...

While individual non-B DNA structures have been shown to impact gene expression, their broad regulatory role remains elusive. We utilized genomic variants and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data to analyze genome-wide variation propensities of potential non-B DNA regions and their relation to gene expression. Independent of genomic location, these regions were enriched in nucleotide ...

Essentially all characters show some phenotypic variation, either between individuals within a population and/or between populations. Such variation is probably due to both genetic and environmental differences. Sorting out the nature of these genetic differences, the relative importance of genetic versus environmental factors, and how this phenotypic variation translates into evolutionary chan...