In semi-arid areas of Southern Africa, dehydration can compromise the performance and welfare of local chickens, particularly during the growing period when confinement is curtailed and birds are left to scavenge for feed and water. The effect of water restriction on the growth performance was compared in Naked Neck (NNK) and Ovambo (OVB) chickens that are predominant in Southern Africa. A tota...

Tannins have been used to trigger positive effects on ruminal metabolism. So, increasing levels of tannic acid in a sorghum-based diet for five Holstein/Zebu crossbred lactating heifers were subject 5 × Latin square experimental design, x tannins periods. The excretion total purine derivatives, through the collection spot urine samples, and N concentration values milk used. All received 9.87 kg...

Previous reports have pointed to a biologically meaningful relationship between brain-stimulated reward and appetitive motivation such as feeding. The present experiments further examined this relationship in chronically self-stimulating Sprague-Dawley rats. In Expt 1 restriction of ad libitum food produced a subsequent increase in self-stimulation in the substantia nigra. In Expt 2 restriction...

The effect of feeding low quality roughages (LQR) on live and carcass weight gains and the incidence and severity of bloat of stocker cattle grazed on wheat pasture was evaluated in a 3 yr study. One hundred eighty-five steer calves (172 kg mean initial weight) grazed clean-tilled wheat pasture and were either fed no LQR or had ad libitum access to wheat straw (WS) or sorghum-Sudan hay (SS). Gr...

This study examined the effects of caloric restriction on structural and material properties of tibiae and sixth lumbar vertebrae in F344BN male rats. Rats were divided into two dietary groups, ad libitum or calorie restricted. Caloric restriction commenced at 14 weeks of age, with 40% restriction and micronutrient supplementation by 16 weeks maintained until death. Rats were studied at 100% (8...

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of volume and composition of fluid replacement on the physical performance of male football referees. Ten referees were evaluated during three official matches. In one match the participants were asked to consume mineral water ad libitum, and in the others they consumed a pre-determined volume of mineral water or a carbohydrate electrolyt...

An enhancement of pancreatic cancer induced by N-nitrosobis-(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) was reported previously in Syrian hamsters fed high-fat diet following carcinogen treatment. The purpose of our research was to determine if this enhancement was due to the consumption of more calories by the hamsters fed the high-fat diet. Male hamsters were treated with a single injection of BOP (20 mg/kg bod...

INTRODUCTION The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of ad libitum vs. restricted fluid replacement protocol on hydration markers and performance in selected military tasks. The secondary objective was to determine if 300 ml x h(-1) could be considered a safe minimum fluid intake under the experimental conditions. METHODS Data were collected simulating a route march over 16 km. There...