Introduction: In process industries, some of the primary events may result in secondary events in an industrial unit called the domino effect. Since refinery storage tanks are always at risk of fire and explosion, quantitative risk assessment is important in determining the severity and outcome of an accident, taking into account the effects of dominoes on the main industry, neighbors, and soci...

The study proposed in this paper consists of devising a method to account qualitatively and quantitatively for the human factor in verifying the Integrity Level of Safety system (SIL) assigned to the machinery. It is called “operational SIL”, which may differ from the design SIL, due to the impact of human and organizational factors (H&OF) in the operational phase. There are two crucial aspects...

Hydrocarbon gas explosion is one of the critical hazards resulting in huge environmental impact as well as loss of valuable assets and lives as observed from the historical disasters in the oil and gas industry. In response to these events, stronger international rules and regulations have been made to ensure safety of these structures. Hence, considerable effort has been devoted to quantify ac...

While CO2 Capture and Sequestration (CCS) is considered a part of the solution to overcoming the ever increasing level of CO2 in the atmosphere, one must be sure that significant new hazards are not created by the CO2 injection process. The risks involved in different stages of a CO2 sequestration project are related to geological and operational uncertainties. This paper presents the applicati...

Anne Marie Api Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc. (RIFM), Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey, USA J.H.E. Arts TNO Quality of Life, Zeist, Netherlands Harmonization Project Document No. 5 4 David Basketter Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, Bedford, United Kingdom Jonathan Chen Antimicrobials Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agen...