The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) receives both noradrenergic and dopaminergic projections. These projections are thought to be important for modulation of amygdala neural circuits. In BLA pyramidal neurons, noradrenaline (NA) is known to facilitate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) through excitation of interneurons. Dopamine ...

Stimulation of a principal whisker yields sparse action potential (AP) spiking in layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal neurons in a cortical column of rat barrel cortex. The low AP rates in pyramidal neurons could be explained by activation of interneurons in L2/3 providing inhibition onto L2/3 pyramidal neurons. L2/3 interneurons classified as local inhibitors based on their axonal projection in the sam...

In the developing neocortex, pyramidal neurons use molecular cues to form axonal arbors selectively in the correct layers. Despite the utility of mice for molecular and genetic studies, little work has been done on the development of layer-specific axonal arborizations of pyramidal neurons in mice. We intracellularly labeled and reconstructed the axons of layer 2/3 and layer 5 pyramidal neurons...

We have recorded the firing activities of hippocampal pyramidal cells throughout the classical conditioning of eyelid responses in alert cats. Pyramidal cells (n = 220) were identified by their antidromic activation from the ipsilateral fornix and according to their spike properties. Upper eyelid movements were recorded with the search coil in a magnetic field technique. Latencies and firing pr...

The neocortical circuit is composed of excitatory principal neurons and inhibitory interneurons. Recent advances have established that multiple subnetworks of synaptically coupled excitatory neurons provide distinct pathways for information flow through the cortical circuit. Here we have investigated how inhibitory interneurons are incorporated into these excitatory subnetworks in the rat front...

mndo semi-empirical scf mo calculations are used to study the pyramidal nitrogen atom inversion and configurational equilibria in the title compounds.

Synaptically coupled layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal neurones located above the same layer 4 barrel ('barrel-related') were investigated using dual whole-cell voltage recordings in acute slices of rat somatosensory cortex. Recordings were followed by reconstructions of biocytin-filled neurones. The onset latency of unitary EPSPs was 1.1 +/- 0.4 ms, the 20-80% rise time was 0.7 +/- 0.2 ms, the averag...

The cortical circuit includes networks of highly interconnected pyramidal neurons. Here, we investigated whether pyramidal cells form subnetworks depending on pyramidal subtypes. We classified layer V (L5) pyramidal cells in rat frontal cortex into three physiological subtypes based on the presence (SA-d type) or absence (SA type) of an initial burst in neurons displaying slowly adapting spike ...

Abstract Studying cleavage properties of protective oxide scales is imperative to understand their fracture behaviour, since transgranular observed in many cases. The small thickness and polycrystalline structure such makes it difficult identify active planes directly from mechanical testing. To resolve this issue for Cr2O3, we present an approach experimentally through micro-cantilever bending...