With the extensive use of diet pills which contain stimulating laxative, the incidence of cathartic colon shows an upward tendency year by year. Ca-thartic colon is clinically a common functional stubborn constipation as the main characteristics of colon power weakening and long-term use of stimulating laxative, at the same time it is an important type of slow transit constipation. The mechanis...

<p><strong>Background. </strong>Aphids are one of the insect groups with greatest impact on agricultural production. They affect a wide range hosts, including fruit trees such as citrus. <strong>Objective. </strong> Identify main morphological characters and evaluate rearing protocol for aphid <em>Toxoptera aurantii</em> Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 (Hemi...