LLE Review, Volume 111 135 Introduction Laser–matter interactions in new regimes have occurred due to the generation of high-intensity optical pulses using largescale laser systems.1 The interaction regime of a laser pulse with a target is basically set by the peak intensity of the pulse, which is fundamentally proportional to the ratio of the pulse energy to the duration of the pulse and surfa...

Conventional pulse oximetry uses two wavelengths of light (red and infrared) transmitted through a finger and a photodetector to analyze arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation and pulse rate. Recent advances in pulse oximetry include: extended analysis of the photo plethysmographic waveform; use of multiple wavelengths of light to quantify methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin co...

Periodic pulse trains can represent the emissions of a pulsed source or the \look" pattern of a scanning receiver. The distribution in time of pulse overlaps is considered for two strictly periodic pulse trains. The probability of at least one pulse overlap within a given time is found for a periodic pulse train with a staggered or jittered pulse train. These questions are important in understa...

arterial pulse measurement is one of the most important methods for evaluation of healthy conditions. in traditional iranian medicine (tim), physician may detect radial pulse by holding four fingers on the patient’s wrist. by using this method, under standard condition, the detected pulses are subjective and erroneous, in case of weak and/or abnormal pulses, the ambiguity of diagnosis may rise....

1. Protogerou AD, Blacher J, Mavrikakis M, Lekakis J, Safar ME: Increased pulse pressure amplification in treated hypertensive subjects with metabolic syndrome. Am J Hypertens 2007;20:127–133. 2. Safar ME, Smulyan H: Hypertension in women. Am J Hypertens 2007;17:82–87. 3. Safar ME: Systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure and arterial stiffness as cardiovascular risk factors. Curr Opin Nephrol H...

We hypothesized that increased aortic stiffness (central elastic artery) combined with a decrease in brachial stiffness (peripheral muscular artery) leads to the reversal of the physiological stiffness gradient (ie, mismatch), promoting end-organ damages through increased forward pressure wave transmission into the microcirculation. We, therefore, examined the effect of aortic-brachial stiffnes...

Seismic ductility reduction factors for flexural-type structures with vertical irregularities subjected to pulse-like and nonpulse-like ground motions are investigated in this paper. By establishing various multi-node flexural cantilever-column models, the ductility reduction factor of vertically irregular structures is studied by modifying the ductility reduction factor of irregular structures...

Wave-breaking often occurs when a short intense optical pulse propagates in a long normally dispersive optical fiber. This effect has conventionally been avoided in fiber (super-)continuum-based pulse compression because the accumulated frequency chirp of the output pulse cannot be fully compensated by a standard prism (or grating) pair. Thus, the spectral extending capability of the wave-break...

Pulse compression technique combines the high energy characteristic of a longer pulse width with the high resolution characteristic of a narrower pulse width. The major aspects that are considered for a pulse compression technique are signal to sidelobe ratio (SSR), noise and Doppler shift performances. The traditional algorithms like autocorrelation function (ACF), recursive least square (RLS)...