Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) perform several physiological and metabolic functions at the barrier. IECs also play an important role in defining overall immune mucosal region. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on cell surface other cellular compartments enable them to sense presence of microbes microbial products intestinal lumen. are thus crossroads mediating a bidirectional interactio...

Microbial and plant cell walls have been selected by the immune system as a source of microbe- damage-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/DAMPs) that are perceived extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) triggering responses. From vast number ligands PRRs can bind, those composed carbohydrate moieties poorly studied, only handful PRR/glycan pairs determined. Here ...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically important infectious diseases pigs worldwide. Vaccination various management measures have been implemented to control PRRS. However, due high genetic diversity insufficient understanding pathogenesis immunological mechanisms, PRRS still a challenge pig industry. Therefore, it develop novel strategies combat vi...

A major QTL for host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) infection was identified in a previous study. Single nucleotide polymorphism WUR10000125 (WUR), which is in complete linkage disequilibrium with the putative causative mutation, can be used as a tag SNP for the QTL. However, the effect of WUR following PRRS vaccination and/or coinfection with oth...

The mortality of septic shock in the pediatric population has improved over the last 2 decades with better supportive care however it still remains unacceptably high. Exaggerated inflammatory responses early in septic shock have been associated with poor outcomes. Regulation of the magnitude of the early inflammatory response is not well understood. The earliest aspect of the inflammatory respo...

The objective of this study was to determine the protective properties of the Spanish MLV vaccine Amervac-PRRS against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection with the homologous wild-type strain 5710. The experimental design comprised eighteen 3-week old pigs randomly divided into three groups. Animals from group A received one dose of MLV vaccine Amervac-PRRS on...

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Innate cells recognize microbes via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs); initiate innate immune responses; and eventually trigger adaptive immunity. Association of heterologous PRRs synergistically enhances their signal intensity. Such PRR clu...

The first and most important thing is to evaluate whether we can keep the system negative during and after the eradication program. A reasonable understanding on how the virus entered the unit is the starting point. Although this may sound basic, we tend to forget about it. We have documented various PRRS breakdowns in negative systems. In these systems, after pigs and semen are excluded, trans...