Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 2, also called proximal renal tubular acidosis, is characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis due to impaired reabsorption of bicarbonate (HCO3) in proximal tubules. It can be due to isolated defect or part of generalized defect (Fanconi syndrome). Rickets/Osteomalacia is more common and treatment is usually difficult. RTA type 3 is designated when comb...

The renal proximal tubule is a main target for drug-induced toxicity. The prediction of proximal tubular toxicity during drug development remains difficult. Any in vitro methods based on induced pluripotent stem cell-derived renal cells had not been developed, so far. Here, we developed a rapid 1-step protocol for the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) into proximal...

1. Renal function in anaesthetized Brattleboro rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus was studied with micropuncture techniques before, and 1-3 h after, a single injection of hydrochlorothiazide. 2. In rats given hydrochlorothiazide and kept in sodium and water balance, total glomerular filtration rate and superficial nephron filtration rate were similar to values in control anima...

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a feature of many forms of kidney disease, results from the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER and leads to the unfolded protein response (UPR). We hypothesized that ER stress mediates EMT in human renal proximal tubules. ER stress is induced by a vari...

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-dependent transporter localized at the apical membrane of the kidney proximal tubules, which plays a role in the efflux of cationic and amphipathic endogenous waste products and xenobiotics, such as drugs, into urine. Studies in mice deficient in P-gp showed generalized proximal tubular dysfunction similar to the phenotype of patients with cystinosis, an autosoma...

To evaluate the effects of parathyroid hormone and cyclic adenosine monophosphate on proximal tubular sodium and phosphate reabsorption, micropuncture studies were performed on dogs that received a highly purified preparation of parathyroid hormone (PTH), dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP), 5'-AMP, and saline. PTH resulted in a 30-40% inhibition of sodium and phosphate ...

The effect of adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and N(6),O(2)-dibutyryl adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) on renal tubular permeability was studied by microinjection techniques in anesthetized diuretic rats. Radioactive inulin and mannitol were microinjected simultaneously into superficial proximal and distal convolutions and recovery of the isotopes wa...

Eleven children and adolescents with previously normal renal function who received ifosfamide for the treatment of extrarenal solid tumours underwent detailed investigation of glomerular and renal tubular function to assess the incidence and extent of renal damage. None had received cisplatin. Glomerular filtration rate (measured by plasma clearance of 51Cr labelled edetic acid) was reduced in ...