Driven by increased use of prescription drugs and by shifts from old to new products, spending on drugs in Canada doubled between 1996 and 2003. Which drugs drove this expenditure growth? The Canadian Patented Medicine Prices Review Board appraises the therapeutic novelty of every patented medicine in Canada to distinguish “breakthrough” drugs from other medicines. Since 1990, the board has pub...

BACKGROUND Millions of children worldwide are exposed to acute potentially traumatic events (PTEs) annually. Many children and their families experience significant emotional distress and/or functional impairment following PTEs. While current research has begun to highlight a role for early appraisals and coping in promoting or preventing full recovery from PTEs, the exact nature of the relatio...

OBJECTIVES Although cortical midline structures (CMS) are the most commonly identified neural foundations of self-appraisals, research is beginning to implicate the temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) in more interdependent self-construals. The goal of this study was to extend this research in an understudied population by (a) examining both direct (first-person) and reflected (third-person) self-...

Critical appraisals of the literature may help to increase reproducibility in neuroscience. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are tools for neuroscientists critically evaluate a large amount knowledge research field. These methods involve individually simple decisions, which become complex when considering whole process. Strategies organize planning implementation protocols minimize workload...

Several cognitive, behavioral, and emotional experiences are found across healthy and clinical populations and across distinct diagnostic categories. The present research was aimed at identifying processes (e.g., functional impairment, perfectionism, unwanted thought) that may operate across disorders to differentiate normal from abnormal experiences or increase risk for anxiety or mood symptom...

Social support and knowledge of the disease have been shown to facilitate adaptation to a chronic disease. However, the adaptation process is not fully understood. We hypothesized that these factors can contribute to better adaptation to the disease through their impact on disease-related cognitive appraisal. To analyze the links between social support and the knowledge of the disease, on one h...

Product Platform Planning is an emerging philosophy that calls for the planned development and deployment of families of related products. It is markedly different from the traditional product development process, which focuses on optimized designs for individual products. This is a relatively new development in engineering design, which is not typically a part of an engineer’s education. Furth...

Microbicides are topically applied, user controlled dosage forms that are being developed to prevent the transmission of HIV during coitus. Early candidates focused on coitally dependent dosage forms such as gels and creams. More recent development has focused on broadening the coitally dependent options through the introduction of films and fast dissolving tablets. Additionally, it has become ...

We describe the Zaroff system, a plan-based controller for the players in a game of hide and seek. The system features visually realistic human gure animation including realistic human locomotion. We discuss the planner's interaction with a changing environment to which it has only limited perceptual access. A hierarchical planner translates the game's goals of nding hiding players into locomot...