Proton exchange membranes (PEM) for a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) have main drawbacks which are methanol permeability, reduced proton conductivity and the cost of the membrane. This paper reviews different polymeric materials such as fluorinated, non-fluorinated, acid-base complex, and composite membranes for DMFC. Currently, nonfluorinated membranes gain a lot of atte...

We introduce a method to measure hydrogen exchange rates based on the observation of the coherence of a neighboring spin S such as (15)N that has a scalar coupling J(IS) to the exchanging proton I. The decay of S(x) coherence under a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) multiple echo train is recorded in the presence and absence of proton decoupling. This method allows one to extract proton exchang...

We extend the POMWIG Monte Carlo generator developed by B. Cox and J. Forshaw, to include new models of central production through inclusive and exclusive Double Pomeron Exchange in proton-proton collisions. Double photon Exchange processes are described as well, both in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions. In all contexts, various models have been implemented, allowing for comparisons and u...

Eta meson production in the proton-proton scattering is dominated by the low-mass meson exchange. We present a brief study on how the type of the exchanged mesons within coupled-channel and multi-resonance model influences the scattering observables. We show under which circumstances the eta exchange may explain the shape of the observed cross sections, and present a few selected results: total...

We extend the POMWIG Monte Carlo generator developed by B. Cox and J. Forshaw, to include new models of central production through inclusive and exclusive Double Pomeron Exchange in proton-proton collisions. Double photon Exchange processes are described as well, both in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions. In all contexts, various models have been implemented, allowing for comparisons and u...

The catalytic antibody 4B2, which was generated against a substituted amidine 1, catalyses the allylic isomerization of beta, gamma-unsaturated ketones with an acceleration factor (k(cat)/k(uncat)) of 1.5x10(3). On the basis of the 'bait and switch' strategy, it was reasoned that the positively charged hapten could elicit, by charge complementarity, an acidic residue (Asp or Glu) in the antibod...

We propose a new model for homogeneous description of hadron-hadron and hadron-nucleus collisions, the Gluon Exchange Model, fundamentally based on color octet (gluon) exchange. In proton-proton collisions we provide an exact final state proton neutron spectrum including diffractive peak. proton-nucleus reactions find that projectile diquark cannot survive in more than about half multiple proto...

BACKGROUND Antibodies are prototypes of multimeric proteins and consist of structurally similar domains. The two variable domains of an antibody (VH and VL) interact through a large hydrophobic interface and can be expressed as covalently linked single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments. The in vitro folding of scFv fragments after long-term denaturation in guanidinium chloride is known to be slow. In o...