The relationships of five feedback inhibitors for the Bacillus licheniformis glutamine synthetase were investigated. The inhibitors were distinguishable by differences in their competitive relationship for the substrates of the enzyme. Mixtures of l-glutamine and adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) or histidine and AMP caused synergistic inhibition of glutamine synthesis. Histidine, alanine, and g...

in order to determine the best growing media for gerbera jamesonii under alkaline conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted with two factors, namely: (i) growing medium, and (ii) concentrations of bicarbonate (nahco3) in nutrient solution. results showed that increasing the concentration of nahco3 from 0 to 40 mm in nutrient solution significantly decreased plant growth, maximal quantum ...

Macroautophagy (autophagy) is believed to maintain energy homeostasis by degrading unnecessary cellular components and molecules. Its implication in regulating cancer metabolism recently started to be uncovered. However, the precise roles of autophagy in cancer metabolism are still unclear. Here, we show that autophagy plays a critical role in glutamine metabolism, which is required for tumor s...

During critical illness glutamine deficiency may develop. Glutamine supplementation can restore plasma concentration to normal, but the effect on glutamine metabolism is unknown. The use of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to prevent protein catabolism in these patients may exacerbate the glutamine deficiency. We have investigated, in critically ill patients, the eff...

The small intestine is the major site of glutamine utilization in the mammalian body. During prolonged (40-day) streptozotocin-diabetes in the rat there is a marked increase in both the size and the phosphate-activated glutaminase activity of the small intestine. Despite this increased capacity, intestinal glutamine utilization ceases in diabetic rats. Mean arterial glutamine concentration fell...

INTRODUCTION Glutamine supplementation has beneficial effects on morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients, possibly in part through an attenuation of the proinflammatory cytokine response and a stimulation of heat shock protein (HSP)70. We infused either alanine-glutamine or saline during endotoxin challenge and measured plasma cytokines and HSP70 protein expression. METHODS This cr...

Abely, M., P. Dallet, M. Boisset, and J. F. Desjeux. Effect of cholera toxin on glutamine metabolism and transport in rabbit ileum. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 278: G789–G796, 2000.—The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cholera toxin on energy balance from intestinal glutamine metabolism and oxidation, glutaminedependent sodium absorption, and cholera toxin-depe...

Dexamethasone increases glutamine synthetase activity and mRNA abundance in L6 muscle cells in culture, apparently by a glucocorticoid receptor-mediated process. The data in this report reveal that increased glutamine synthetase mRNA abundance is attributable at least in part to an enhanced rate of transcription of the glutamine synthetase gene. "Nuclear runoff" assays of glutamine synthetase g...

There is a gap between the scientific basis of the claim that in several disease states glutamine is lacking and the widespread belief that supplementation of glutamine to the nutritional regimen is beneficial in severely ill patients. Glutamine shortage exists when consuming tissues, playing a crucial role in the response to trauma and disease, receive insufficient amounts of glutamine. In the...