Electronic cigarette (EC) usage has increased exponentially, but limited data are available on its potential harmful effects. We tested for the presence of reactive, short-lived free radicals in EC aerosols by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) using the spin-trap phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN). Radicals were detected in aerosols from all ECs and eliquids tested (2.5 × 10(13) ...

The dispersants Corexit 9527 and Corexit 9500 were extensively used during the response to the Deepwater Horizon accident in 2010. In addition to the monitoring programs established by federal and state governments, local communities also conducted studies to determine if chemical constituents from these dispersants impacted nearshore and inland waters. One community (the City of Orange Beach, ...

Experimental solubilities of four antiepileptic drugs, that is, lamotrigine, diazepam, clonazepam, and phenobarbital in propylene glycol + water mixtures at 298.15 K were reported. The solubility of drugs was increased with the addition of propylene glycol, and the maximum values are observed in neat propylene glycol. The Jouyban-Acree model was used to fit the experimental data, and the solubi...

The synergism between low-frequency sonophoresis (LFS) and chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs), especially surfactants, in transdermal enhancement has been investigated extensively since this phenomenon was first observed over a decade ago. In spite of the identifying that the origin of this synergism is the increased penetration and subsequent dispersion of CPEs in the skin in response to LF...

A mucoadhesive drug delivery system for local delivery of metronidazole through vaginal route was formulated. Films were prepared by solvent evaporation method using various compositions of Carbopol, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, chitosan, Polyox and propylene glycol. The films were evaluated for their weight, thickness, surface pH, folding endurance, mechanical, drug content uniformity, in vit...

Nanofluids are new generation heat transfer fluids and have opened a new horizon in the areas of heat transfer applications. Nanofluids are prepared by dispersing nano-sized metallic particles in conventional fluids of heat transfer. Heat transfer performance of nanofluid depends primarily on its thermo physical properties like viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat and density. Viscosi...

PURPOSE To study the effects of varying lipid concentrations, lipid and oil ratio, and the addition of propylene glycol and lecithin on the long-term physical stability of nanostructured lipid nanocarriers (NLC), skin hydration, and transepidermal water loss. METHODS The various NLC formulations (A1-A5) were prepared and their particle size, zeta potential, viscosity, and stability were analy...

Penetration enhancers are a classical means for improving transdermal drug delivery (TDD). Enhancers permeate into the skin and reversibly decrease the barrier resistance. Basically, our aim is to formulate a transdermal gel containing an appropriate enhancer for a controlled drug release. Terpenes, namely limonene, linalool and cineole, in propylene glycol (PG) were first investigated in vitro...

the present work concerns on the investigation of the role of polyethylene glycols (pegs) as masking agent for amelioration of extraction-separation of la(iii), eu(iii) and er(iii) ions by the acidic extractant bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (dehpa). the studied solvent extraction system is based on the combination of chelating effect of dehpa in the organic phase on the one hand, and the bin...