The standpoint is the station where the instrument is situated, and the forepoint is the point to which observations are being made (backsight or foresights). Figure 1, attached to this paper, shows the various distances discussed. They are described as follows: d1 is the wave path length (edm distance corrected for atmospheric delay), d2 is the wave path chord, d4 is the ellipsoidal arc length...

In treating diabetes over the long term, controlling the daily life is very important and cannot be neglected. In particular, the patient's awareness and practice of their treatment had a great influence on their treatment. However, there has been very little scientific research done with regard to how much the patient understands the instructions about taking their medicine and whether they ac...

Several factors contribute to organ dysfunction in septic shock patients, and once the inflammatory response has been activated, many organ systems can be adversely affected. A marked fall in systemic vascular resistance results from arterial and venous dilatation. This is accompanied by leakage of plasma into the extravascular space, leading to relative hypovolemia. The microcirculation is adv...

Mass measurement is the main outcome of mass spectrometry-based proteomics yet the potential of recent advances in accurate mass measurements remains largely unexploited. There is not even a clear definition of mass accuracy in the proteomics literature, and we identify at least three uses of this term: anecdotal mass accuracy, statistical mass accuracy, and the maximum mass deviation (MMD) all...

Popular statistical software packages do not have the proper procedures for determining the number of components in factor and principal components analyses. Parallel analysis and Velicer's minimum average partial (MAP) test are validated procedures, recommended widely by statisticians. However, many researchers continue to use alternative, simpler, but flawed procedures, such as the eigenvalue...