Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., is the most important crop in Finland based on cultivated land area. Net blotch, a disease caused by Pyrenophora teres Drech., is the most damaging disease of barley in Finland but is also important in other barley cultivating areas. The pressure to improve the economics and efficiency of agriculture has increased the need for more efficient plant protection methods....

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The popular hybrid orchid Vanda Miss Joaquim was made Singapore's national flower in 1981. It was originally described in the Gardeners' Chronicle in 1893, as a cross between Vanda hookeriana and Vanda teres. However, no record had been kept as to which parent contributed the pollen. This study was conducted using DNA barcoding techniques to determine the pod parent of V. Mi...

Upper extremity musculoskeletal modeling is becoming increasingly sophisticated, creating a growing need for subject-specific muscle size parameters. One method for determining subject-specific muscle volume is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of MRI-derived muscle volumes in the human forearm across a variety of muscle sizes and shapes. ...

Group I fibers from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs modulate motoneuron excitabilities to coordinate smooth movements. In this study, to elucidate the effects of group I fibers of the median nerve (MN) on the excitabilities of the brachioradialis (BR), we evaluated the changes in the firing probability of a BR motor unit after electrical conditioning stimulation (CS) to MN with a post-s...

We hypothesized that the moment arms of muscles crossing the elbow vary substantially with forearm and elbow position and that these variations could be represented using a three-dimensional computer model. Flexion/extension and pronation/supination moment arms of the brachioradialis, biceps, brachialis, pronator teres, and triceps were calculated from measurements of tendon displacement and jo...

ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF PAPERS INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................1 HISTORY .............................................................................................................................. 1 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................

Purpose: This study aimed to measure anteromedial-approach exposure of coronoid process fracture via anatomy in order to provide anatomic foundation of clinical operations. Methods: A total of 20 adult upper limb specimens (12 male side limbs and 8 female side limbs) were dissected. Each value was measured separately. Superficial layer: Humeral medial epicondyle is point A, the intersection bet...

1. Plastic Surgeon at the Hospital Sarah Brasília, Full Member of the Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica (Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery – SBCP), President of the Regional do Distrito Federal da SBCP, Brasília, DF, Brazil 2. Plastic Surgeon at the Hospital Sarah Brasília, Full Member of the SBCP, Brasília, DF, Brazil. ABSTRACT A variety of muscle transfer techniques have been propo...

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the anatomic variations of the bicipital aponeurosis (BA) (lacertus fibrosus) and its implications for the compression of the median nerve, which is positioned medially to the brachial artery, passing under the bicipital aponeurosis. Methods Sixty upper limbs of 30 cadavers were dissected, 26 of which were male and four, female; of the total, 15 ...

Brachialis muscle lies beneath the biceps brachii and arises from anteromedial and anterolateral surfaces of the lower half of the shaft of humerus. A few fibers take origin from lower part of spiral groove and medial intermuscular septum also. The broad muscle covers the anterior part of elbow joint and converges to form a flat tendon which is inserted into the anterior surface of coronoid pro...