csn1s1is one of the major genes encoding milk proteins of mammals. in this study we determined allele frequencies of csn1s1-5` flanking region as well as exon 17 variants and their effects on milk traits in three indigenous cattle breeds mazandarani, golpaygani (bos indicus) and sarabi (bos taurus) and holstein cattle in iran. csn1s1*b variant was nearly fixed in holstein but ranged from 0.40 t...

the aims of this study were to compare the promoter sequence of the mannose-binding lectin (cmbl) gene in iranian native and commercial chicken strains; as well as to compare the cmbl gene expression in crossbred and inbred chickens. in total 79 native (western azerbaijan native fowls, wanf) and 49 commercial (arian commercial strain, acs) birds were reared as parents under same management prac...

background and objectives: significant progress has been made in treatment of hemophilia. ex-vivo gene therapy is going popular due to the capability of this method in using isogenic cells for genetic manipulation and reintroducing them into same host after proliferation. most gene therapy techniques use viral vectors, which usually harbor a strong and non-specific promoter (e.g. cmv early prom...

objective: runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2) and osterix (osx) as two specific osteoblast transcription factors and distal-less homeobox 5 (dlx5) as a non-specific one are of paramount importance in regulating osteoblast related genes including osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein (bsp), osteopontin and collagen type iα1. the present study sets out to investigate whether epigenetic regulati...

background: the pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α), is a pathogenic element for a number of disorders. previous studies have reported that the -1031 t/c and -238 g/a polymorphisms in the promoter region of the tnf-α gene are important factors in reproductive-related disorders. one of the most common gynecological diseases of women during the reproductive years is end...

in the human genome, chromosome 11 contains a cluster of matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) genes. single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of mmp genes are important for mmp expression. a common adenine deletion polymorphism (5a) at position -1171 of the mmp-3 gene promoter (5´-aaaaaaccat-3´ change to 5´-aaaaaccat-3´) facilitates transcriptional factor binding and mmp-3 promoter acti...

e-cadherin is among tumor suppressor genes which mostly subjects to the down-regulation in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus (scce). the gene is tightly associated with the tumor invasion and metastasis in multiple human cancers, especially scce. cpg islands’ methylation in the promoter region of e-cadherin is among the mechanisms that have been suggested for the e-cadherin silencing, howeve...

background the hepatitis b virus x (hbx) protein has long been recognized as an important transcriptional transactivator of several genes. human aldo-keto reductase family 1, member c1 (akr1c1), a member of the family of akr1cs, is significantly increased in hbx-expressed cells. objectives this study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of hbx in regulating akr1c1 expression in hepg2.2.1...

objective: breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. it is caused by a number of genetic and epigenetic factors. aberrant hypermethylation of the promoter regions in specific genes is a key event in the formation and progression of breast cancers as well as the dbc2 gene, as a tumor suppressor gene. different studies show that the dbc2 gene is inactivated through ...

background & objective: interleukin (il)-10 is an important anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokine. some authors believe that single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) in the promoter region of the il-10 gene have been associated with susceptibility to hiv infection and progression to aids, but its role is not clearly defined yet. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the associ...