various psychotherapies for post-traumatic stress disorder and disturbances associated with it are used. the purpose of this review was to introduce of traditional and modern psychotherapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. the data was collected by searching of online databases, english articles selected from science direct, pubmed, proquest, and persian articles from medlib, ...

The term allostasis, which is defined as stability through change, has been invoked repeatedly by developmental psychopathologists to describe long-lasting and in some cases permanent functional alterations in limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responding following recurrent and/or prolonged exposure to stress. Increasingly, allostatic load models have also been invoked to describe psyc...

supplementation has beneficial effects in immune system and can antioxidant enzymes activity increases during the exercise and protects the tissue against the oxidative stress. l-carnitine is a famous supplement and helps to protect against the oxidative stress during and after intense or prolonged exercise. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of l-carnitine supplementation on t...

The study of environmental stress tolerance in aphids has primarily been at low temperatures. In these cases, and in the rare cases of high temperature tolerance assessments, all exposures had been during a single stress event. In the present study, we examined the physiological consequences of repeated high temperature exposure with recovery periods between these stress events in Myzus persica...

A prolonged exposure to stress can lead to mental disorders and psychosomatic diseases, e.g declining of health. This survey reviews sensors, human-body parameters and context information correlated with the stress level, and investigates various stress analysis methods. Sensors for stress determination are classified and divided into four groups with regard to the physiological and physical pa...

The substitution of fish resources as ingredients for aquafeeds by those based on vegetable sources is needed to ensure aquaculture sustainability in the future. It is known that Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) accepts high dietary content of plant ingredients without altering growth or flesh quality parameters. However, scarce information is available regarding the long-term impact of veg...

introduction: the formalin test is the most accepted chemical test for evaluation of nociception. it requires the injection of an adequate amount of formalin into the surface of the hindpaw. formalin test consists of phase 1 (0-7 min) and phase 2 (15-60) in which the animal shows painful behaviors. these phases are separated with a quiet phase named interphase, in which the nociceptive response...

Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) (previously called complicated grief (CG)) is proposed as a distinct post loss syndrome, with its own core symptoms. A key issue concerning the diagnostic validity of PGD is whether it can reliably be distinguished from related psychiatric outcomes following bereavement. This study therefore sought to determine whether the core symptoms of PGD could be distinguish...