The reprogramming of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in the adult newt immediately after retinal injury is an area of active research for the study of retinal disorders and regeneration. We demonstrate here that unlike embryonic/larval retinal regeneration, adult newt RPE cells are not directly reprogrammed into retinal stem/progenitor cells; instead, they are programmed into a unique st...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate CD200 expression in B-cell proliferative disorders. METHODS We analyzed 180 recent specimens of B-cell neoplasms for CD200 expression by flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis, which is better able to assess relative intensity of staining than immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS We found that hairy cell leukemia exhibits a high level of staining for CD200 in comp...

Alkaline phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.1) purified from human placenta, neutrophils, liver, kidney, and small intestinal mucosa showed a range of Kmvalues for p-nitrophenyl phosphate from 0.017 to 0.038 rriM. The Kmvalues for cysteamine S-phosphate were more variable and ranged from 0.09 to 1.00 HIM. The ratios of the rate of hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate to the rate of hydrolysis of cysteamin...

A hiccup is involuntary, paroxysmal inspiratory movements of the chest wall associated with diaphragm and accessory respiratory muscle contractions, with the synchronized closure of glottis. The mechanism underlying this common primitive reflex plays an important role in protecting airways against esophageal aspiration. The hiccup reflex mechanism is based on the afferent pathway (vagus and phr...

Though vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation underlies all cardiovascular hyperplastic disorders, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for this cellular process is still incomplete. Here we report that SRSF1 (serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1), an essential splicing factor, promotes VSMC proliferation and injury-induced neointima formation. Vascular injury i...

The members of the PhosphoInositide-3 Kinase (PI3K) protein family are well-known regulators of proliferative signals. By the generation of lipid second messengers, they mediate the activation of AKT/PKB (AKT) and mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Although mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are highly characterized in cancer, recent evidence indicates that alterations in the pr...

The epiphyseal growth plate consists of a layer of cartilage present only during the growth period and vanishes soon after puberty in long bones. It is divided to three well-defined zones, from epiphyses; resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic zones. Chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation and subsequent bone formation in this cartilage are controlled by various endocrine, autocrine, an...

Global glomerulosclerosis with loss of podocytes in humans is typical of end-stage renal pathology. Although mature podocytes are highly differentiated and nondividing, converging evidence from experimental and clinical data suggests adult stem cells within Bowman's capsule can rescue some of this loss. Glomerular epithelial stem cells generate podocytes during kidney growth and regenerate podo...

Hepatocyte transplantation is a potential form of therapy for patients with genetic hepatodeficiency disorders. Unfortunately, hepatocellular transplantation has been limited because of the relatively low numbers of donor cells that can ultimately take up residence in the host liver. To give the donor cells a proliferative stimulus, a recombinant adenovirus vector that expresses a nonsecreted u...