abstract background: several case studies have described the use of the superficial inferior epigastric artery (siea) flap as a pedicled flap for reconstruction of upper and lower ex tremities, or a free fasciocutaneous flap when a large amount of skin coverage is required for hemifacial atrophy, breast or head and neck reconstruction. apparently, the anatomical findings of previous studies are...

spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is a genetic disorder which affect nervous system and is characterized with progressive distal motor neuron weakness. the survival motor neuron (smn) protein level reduces in patients with sma. two different genes code survival motor neuron protein in human genome. skeletal and intercostal muscles denervation lead to weakness, hypotony, hyporeflexia, respiratory fa...

background & importance: primary hemifacial spasm is usually caused by microvascular compression of the facial nerve at its root exit zone at brainstem without any space-occupying pathology. secondary or so-called symptomatic hemifacial spasm has an additional underlying pathology e.g. tumors leading to the microvascular compression. we review and discuss the pathophysiology and the literature ...

Restoration of a harmonious and pleasant appearance is a crucial aspect of surgical treatment for many congenital and acquired deformities of the face. A 38-year-old female patient with residual scarring on the right hemiface following evacuation of a odontogenic phlegmon underwent microsurgical reconstruction with a free adipofascial anterolateral thigh free flap. A stable result was achieved ...